Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Concepts

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Flashcards covering key concepts of glycolysis, fermentation, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

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23 Terms

1
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What is the main product of glycolysis from glucose?

Pyruvate, a three-carbon sugar.

2
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During glycolysis, which molecule is reduced to NADH?

NAD+ is reduced to NADH.

3
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Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

In the cytoplasm of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

4
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Which type of phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis when converting glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

Phosphorylation reaction.

5
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Is sugar phosphorylation an endergonic or exergonic process?

It is an endergonic process.

6
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What is formed from the hydrolysis of ATP during sugar phosphorylation?

ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).

7
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What kind of reaction is the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?

Redox reaction where electrons are transferred.

8
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What are the main inputs of glycolysis?

ADP, NAD+, and glucose.

9
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What are the major outputs of glycolysis?

ATP, NADH, and pyruvate.

10
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What is the purpose of fermentation in cellular processes?

To recycle NADH to NAD+, allowing glycolysis to continue.

11
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What gas is produced during pyruvate oxidation?

Carbon dioxide (CO2).

12
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What is the main input for the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl-CoA.

13
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What is one major gaseous output of the citric acid cycle?

Carbon dioxide (CO2).

14
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What type of phosphorylation occurs in the citric acid cycle?

Substrate-level phosphorylation.

15
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Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in eukaryotic cells?

In the inner mitochondrial membrane.

16
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What gradients are formed during oxidative phosphorylation?

A proton gradient.

17
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What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Oxygen.

18
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What type of transport is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP?

Facilitated diffusion of protons.

19
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What happens to the potential energy released in the electron transport chain?

It is used to pump protons, creating a gradient.

20
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What is the energy released by the electron transport chain used for?

To transport protons and drive ATP synthesis.

21
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If the terminal electron acceptor is not oxygen, what type of respiration occurs?

Anaerobic respiration.

22
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What is chemiosmosis?

The movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP.

23
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