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to prefer + [infinitive]
aimer mieux [infinitive]
to prefer + [infinitive]
préférer [infinitive]
to go + [infinitive]
aller [infinitive]
to intend + [infinitive]
compter [infinitive]
to believe, think + [infinitive]
croire [infinitive]
to wish, want + [infinitive]
désirer [infinitive]
to wish, want + [infinitive]
vouloir [infinitive]
to have to, be (supposed) to + [infinitive]
devoir [infinitive]
to listen + [infinitive]
écouter [infinitive]
to hear + [infinitive]
entendre [infinitive]
to hope + [infinitive]
espérer [infinitive]
to make, have, cause + [infinitive]
faire [infinitive]
to be necessary + [infinitive]
falloir [infinitive]
to let, allow + [infinitive]
laisser [infinitive]
to dare + [infinitive]
oser [infinitive]
to appear + [infinitive]
paraître [infinitive]
to be able + [infinitive]
pouvoir [infinitive]
to watch + [infinitive]
regarder [infinitive]
to know how + [infinitive]
savoir [infinitive]
to seem + [infinitive]
sembler [infinitive]
to wish + [infinitive]
souhaiter [infinitive]
to be better + [infinitive]
valoir mieux [infinitive]
to come + [infinitive]
venir [infinitive]
to see + [infinitive]
voir [infinitive]
to help + [infinitive]
aider à [infinitive]
to like + [infinitive]
aimer à [infinitive]
to enjoy, amuse oneself (by) + [infinitive]
s'amuser à [infinitive]
to learn + [infinitive]
apprendre à [infinitive]
to succeed in + [infinitive]
arriver à [infinitive]
to succeed in + [infinitive]
réussir à [infinitive]
to expect + [infinitive]
s'attendre à [infinitive]
to have to + [infinitive]
avoir à [infinitive]
to seek + [infinitive]
chercher à [infinitive]
to begin + [infinitive]
commencer à [infinitive]
to begin + [infinitive]
se mettre à [infinitive]
to continue + [infinitive]
continuer à [infinitive]
to decide + [infinitive]
se décider à [infinitive]
to teach (someone) + [infinitive]
enseigner (à quelqu'un) à [infinitive]
to become accustomed to, get used to + [infinitive]
s'habituer à [infinitive]
to hesitate + [infinitive]
hésiter à [infinitive]
to be interested in + [infinitive]
s'intéresser à [infinitive]
to invite + [infinitive]
inviter à [infinitive]
to give up + [infinitive]
renoncer à [infinitive]
to delay (in) + [infinitive]
tarder à [infinitive]
to be anxious, insist on + [infinitive]
tenir à [infinitive]
to happen to + [infinitive]
venir à [infinitive]
to blame for + [infinitive]
blâmer de [infinitive]
to stop + [infinitive]
cesser de [infinitive]
to fear, be afraid + [infinitive]
craindre de [infinitive]
to decide + [infinitive]
décider de [infinitive]
to hurry + [infinitive]
se dépêcher de [infinitive]
to hurry + [infinitive]
se presser de [infinitive]
to prevent + [infinitive]
empêcher de [infinitive]
to try + [infinitive]
essayer de [infinitive]
to try + [infinitive]
tâcher de [infinitive]
to avoid + [infinitive]
éviter de [infinitive]
to finish + [infinitive]
finir de [infinitive]
to offer + [infinitive]
offrir de [infinitive]
to persuade + [infinitive]
persuader de [infinitive]
to forget + [infinitive]
oublier de [infinitive]
to beg + [infinitive]
prier de [infinitive]
to refuse + [infinitive]
refuser de [infinitive]
to regret, be sorry + [infinitive]
regretter de [infinitive]
to thank for + [infinitive]
remercier de [infinitive]
to remember + [infinitive]
se souvenir de [infinitive]
to have just + [infinitive]
venir de [infinitive]
to order someone to + [infinitive]
commander à quelqu'un de [infinitive]
to order someone to + [infinitive]
ordonner à quelqu'un de [infinitive]
to advise someone to + [infinitive]
conseiller à quelqu'un de [infinitive]
to forbid someone to + [infinitive]
défendre à quelqu'un de [infinitive]
to ask someone to + [infinitive]
demander à quelqu'un de [infinitive]
to tell someone to + [infinitive]
dire à quelqu'un de [infinitive]
to write someone to + [infinitive]
écrire à quelqu'un de [infinitive]
to permit someone to [infinitive]
permettre à quelqu'un de [infinitive]
to promise someone to [infinitive]
promettre à quelqu'un de [infinitive]
to suggest to someone to [infinitive]
suggérer à quelqu'un de [infinitive]
Most adjectives & nouns are followed by _________ before an infinitive
de
There are exceptions to the adjective rule => some adjectives are followed by à. Which adjectives are they?
1. habile = skillful
2. lent = slow
3. prêt = ready
4. premier = first
5. dernier = last
6. seul = only/alone
When an infinitive is passive in meaning, it is preceded by ______
à
Ex: This shop is for sale => Cette boutique est à vendre
Ex: You are not to blame => Vous n'êtes pas à blâmer
The infinitive preceded by à is used with certain nouns to express purpose or function:
- une chambre à coucher = bedroom
- une salle à manger = dining room
- une machine à laver = washing machine
- une machine à coudre = sewing machine
The infinitive preceded by à is used in several adverbial expressions:
1. He paints delightfully => Il peint à ravir
2. That beggar sings pitifully => Ce mendiant chante à faire pitié
3. The rhinoceros is frightfully ugly => Le rhinocéros est laid à faire peur
4. Truthfully, I don't know => A vrai dire, je l'ignore
Il est [adj.] de [infinitive] VS. C'est [adj.] à [infinitive]
Il est [adj.] de [infinitive]: Used when "il" is referring to "in general"
Ex: Il est difficile de traduire = It is difficult to translate (Translating is difficult)
C'est [adj.] à [infinitive]: Used when "c'est" is referring to something specific that was already mentioned
Ex: C'est difficile à traduire = It is difficult to translate (A passage or poem is difficult to translate)
The infinitive form is used after all prepositions, except ____
en (instead of the infinitive form, this uses the present participle)
**reminder: the present participle is formed by taking the nous form of the verb, taking off -ons, & adding -ant
En vs. pendant que
Meaning: while
- Use "en" when both clauses refer to the same subject (en is always followed by the present participle)
Ex: He listens to music while doing his homework => Il écoute de la musique en faisant ses devoirs
- Use "pendant que" when the clauses refer to 2 different subjects (pendant que is followed by any verb tense)
Ex: He does his homework while I sleep => Il fait ses devoirs pendant que je dors
En vs. par
Meaning: by
- Only use "par" after "commencer" & "finir"
- For every other verb, use "en"
*NOTE: there is a difference between "commencer à" & "commencer par" and "finir à" & "finir par"
Ex: I started to do my homework at 11:00 => J'ai commencé à faire mes devoirs à 11h
Ex: We started by dancing => Nous avons commencé par danser
Après vs. après que
- Use "après" when the subject is the same in both clauses of the sentence (après is always followed by the past infinitive: être OR avoir + past participle)
Ex: I do the dishes after eating => Je fais la vaisselle après avoir mangé
- Use "après que" when the clauses have 2 different subjects (après que is followed by any verb tense)
Ex: I do the dishes after my brother clears the table => Je fais la vaiselle après que mon frère débarasse la table
Pour
1. Pour + infinitive: Used when saying: "in order to" + verb
2. It is also used when the infinitive follows an expression with assez or trop
Ex: He has enough energy to accomplish it => Il a assez d'énergie pour l'accomplir
Ex: You are too intelligent to waste your talent => Tu es trop intelligent pour gaspiller ton talent
Que de
Used to compare 2 infinitives (meaning: than)
Ex: We would rather play golf than swim => Nous aimons mieux faire du golf que de nager
Verbs of perception
Use when you are perceiving (hearing, seeing, etc.) something/someone doing an action => In this case, the subject being perceived is followed by the infinitive:
Ex: I saw a policeman crossing the street
- J'ai vu un flic en traversant la rue (you saw a policeman while you were crossing the street)
- J'ai vu un flic traverser la rue (you saw a policeman who was crossing the street) (this is a verb of perception scenario)
Gérondif
Rule: the infinitive is sometimes used as the subject of a verb
Ex: Swimming is fun => La natation est amusante OR Nager est amusant
*if there isn't a noun form of the verb, you have to use the infinitive
Negation w/ infinitive
Ne pas goes before the infinitive, instead of around the verb (same with ne rien, ne personne, ne jamais, etc.)
Ex: He decided to not leave => Il a décidé de ne pas partir
