Industrial Revolution

Stallbaumer's College U.S. History 2023-2024

What country held the early lead in the Industrial Revolution?

What country held the early lead in the Industrial Revolution?

Great Britain

Who was Samuel Slater?

Born into the British textile industry but migrated to America for new opportunities.

What did Samuel Slater do?

Used his knowledge to set up early factories in the United States.

Who invented the mechanical reaper?

Cyrus McCormick

What is the concept of Corporate Espionage?

Theft between companies that includes but not limited to employee spy, ideas, or inventions.

Who invented the electric motor?

Thomas Davenport

Why did Europeans tried to stop Samuel Slater from going to the U.S?

Great Britain, specifically, had a head start on the Industrial Revolution and was protective, not wanting to share ideas with others

Eli Whitney developed what concept that helped the Industrial Revolution?

The concept of interchangeable parts and the Cotton Gin.

What forced the United States to begin manufacturing more of their own goods?

Great Britain cut Americans off from manufactured goods during the War of 1812

What city became the center of the early textile manufacturing?

Lowell Massachusetts

Factories without regulations often hired people from what two groups with the idea that they could pay them less?

Women wanted economic standing within their family and society, and poor children needed to work to help with their family’s low income.

What were typical factory work hours for the early 1800's?

12 hours Monday through Saturday (6 days a week)

What is urbanization?

Migration of people from rural areas to cities

What was the growth in population in the U.S. from 1800 to 1850?

around 17.7 million from 1800 to 1850

What is the Mother of All Invention?

Necessity

What were two big inventions that helped revolutionize communication and transportation in the early 1800's?

The telegraph and railroad (steam-powered engines)

Who invented the telegraph?

Samuel Morse

What fossil fuel was used to power the steam engines on early locomotives and steam ships?

Coal

Who had more miles of railroads the North or the South?

North

Who invented the steel plow?

John Deere

Describe factory work.

Long hours, low wages, harsh working conditions

Where did early immigration to the United States come from? Why did those people leave to come to the U.S.?

Immigration mostly came from western Europe: Ireland, Britain, France, and Germany. Food shortages drove the immigration

What is Nativism?

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

What is the idea of King Cotton all about?

The increase in demand for textiles (clothes) also increased the demand for cotton. In order for there to be cotton, cotton needs to be planted by slaves.

What was the increase in bails of cotton produced in the South from 1800 to 1850?

2 million

Who invented the Cotton Gin?

Eli Whitney

Why was there a boom in population of the North in 1850?

Immigrants live up in the North because there were more opportunities for them there than in the South where they had no land to grow crops.

What caused the high crime level in the North?

Immigrants who came to America stole and committed lots of crimes, but solely because they were poor and had no choice.

Which region of the U.S. had a more agriculturally based economy in 1850?

The South

Which region of the U.S. had a more manufacturing-based economy in 1850?

The North

What % of Southerners actually owned their own plantation?

1%

Why was most Southerners racist?

They either were rich or poor. First and middle class was white people, the rich land owners was first, and then middle class were sharecroppers. The middle class of poor white people wanted to keep slaves below them, making sure that they weren’t the lowest class out of all of them.

What percentage of the Southern population were slaves by 1850?

33%

Who was Nat Turner and what in detail did he do?

He was a slave who led a major revolt in Virginia. He and his followers killed 57 whites along the countryside over 2 month, during the revolt. Eventually he was arrested and hung.

What were three of the major reform movements of the early 1800's?

• temperance movement

• education reform

• abolition movement

Name 3 prominent abolitionists of the 1800's.

• Horace Greeley

• Fredrick Douglass

• William Lloyd Garrison

What was the Underground Railroad?

An informal network of people that helped fugitive slaves make their way to the North

Who is the most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad?

Harriet Tubman

Who wrote the book Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Harriet Beecher

What was the significance of the book, Uncle Tom's Cabin?

It allowed people to see the world from a slave's perspective and empathize. The book also sparked the growing abolitionist movement in the North.

Why were some Southerners against the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

A lot of Southerners treated slaves like they were objects, but some saw them as investments and treated them well. Not all slave owners of acted like how the book described them, and this painted them in a bad light.

Name three significant women's right activists from the early 1800's.

• Sojourner Truth

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• Lucretia Mott

What was the Seneca Falls Convention and what was the significance of it?

An organized meeting with women's rights leaders. It was significant because the delegates developed a platform of ideas and reforms they would push for. This is often known as the start of the women's rights movement. Susan B. Anthony emerged out of the convention as the movement's leader.