Biodiversity and Conservation Cpahter 13: Phylum Arthropoda, Exam 3 Content

67,000

Number of species in Subphylum Crustacea

Subphylum Crustacea

Subhylum of Phylum Arthropoda which is characterized by two pairs of antennae, a pair of mandibles, two pairs of maxillae, one pair of  usually biramous appendages on each segment, and being diecious

Subphylum Hexapoda

Subphylum of Phylum Arthropoda characterized by having three tagmata and three pairs of uniramous legs

Class Entognatha

Class of Hexapods whose mouth parts are hidden inside the head capsule and who lack metamorphosis

Class Insecta

Class of Hexapods whose mouthparts are visible; most numerous and diverse group; 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings on the thoracic segments; only invertebrates that fly

Pterygotes

Winged insects

Apterygotes

Wingless insects

Tagmata

Body sections (such as the head, thorax, abdomen, or cephalothorax)

Direct muscles

Insect wing muscles that are attached to the wing and change the angle of the wings

Indirect muscles

Wing muscles that alter the shape of the thorax and power the up and down strokes

Insect circulation

Consists of a tubular heart, open circulatory system, and hemolymph

Hemolymph

Distributes hormones and nutrients

Insect respiration

Consists of a tracheal system directly to cells in terrestrial species; aquatic species use diffusion or tracheal gills

Spiracle

Opening to the tracheal system

Tracheae

Part of the tracheal system that has a cuticle; larger than the tracheole

Tracheole

Part of the tracheal system that has no cuticle; smaller than the tracheae

Insect excretion

Consists of malpighian tubules

Insect reproduction

Characterized by separate sexes, internal fertilization, courtship behaviors, and the laying of eggs

Holometabolous

Complete metamorphosis; occurs in 88% of insects; egg to larva to pupa to adult; contains a cocoon/chrysalis stage (pupa)

Hemimetabolous

Incomplete metamorphosis; egg to nymph to adult; nymphs often have different habitats than adults; no cocoon/chrysalis