Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 10 Blood

Albumin

The plasma protein that regulates the osmotic pressure of blood

Hemoglobin

The iron-containing protein found in RBCs that transport the majority of oxygen carried in the blood

7.35-7.45

Normal pH of blood

5 million

Normal number of erythrocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood

Sickle cell anemia

The inherited type of anemia that causes spiky and sharp red blood cells is

Polycythemia

RBC disorder caused by life at a high altitude

Diapedesis

Process by which WBC travel through the walls of blood vessels

Leukopenia

Abnormally low levels of WBC

Granulocytes

WBC containing granules and lobed nuclei

Hemocytoblast

The stem cell (master cell) that gives rise to all formed elements

Hemostasis

The process by which bleeding is stopped

Embolus

A thrombus that has broken away from a vessel wall and is freely floating in the bloodstream

Thrombocytopenia

Insufficiency of circulating platelets

Hemophilia

Hereditary bleeding disorder that results from lack of clotting factors

Antigens

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign

Clumping or agglutination

Occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types

Blood type O

Universal donor blood type that can donate to any blood group type

AB

Blood type that contains antigens A and B

B; O

A person with blood type B can receive blood from these blood types

Rh positive

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs

Physiological jaundice

The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster then the infant liver can rid the body of breakdown products of hemoglobin

Connective tissue

Blood is a

Plasma

Blood's matrix

Leukocytes and platelets

In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat between the formed elements and the plasma contains

Hematocrit

The percentage of erythrocytes in blood

Erythrocytes

Most abundant formed element

Erythrocytes

Lack a nucleus and most organelles

12-18 g of hemoglobin/100 mL

Normal whole blood contains

Nucleus and most organelles

WBC differ from RBC because they contain

5,000 WBC

In a cubic millimeter of blood there are

Leukocytosis

Most likely indicates bacterial or viral infections

Granulocytes

WBC like neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are classified as

Basophils

Produces histamine during the inflammatory response, also contains heparin, an anticoagulant

Neutrophils

Most numerous of WBC

Monocytes

A type of leukocyte that becomes macrophages in the tissues

Platelets

Fragments of multinucleated cells called megakaryocytes

Megakaryocytes

Pinch off anucleate fragments called platelets

Hematopoiesis

The process in which red bone marrow produces new RBC

Erythropoeitin

A hormone produced by the kidneys in response to low levels of oxygen, this hormone also regulates the rate of erythrocytes production

100-120 days

Average functional lifespan of RBC

Reticulocyte

An immature RBC which contains some endoplasmic reticulum

Serotonin

A chemical released to bring about vasoconstriction during the vascular spasm phase of hemostasis

3-6 minutes

Blood normally clots

Coagulation

The formation of an insoluble clot during hemostasis

Fibrin

An insoluble fiber forms a mesh network and the basis for the formation of a clot during coagulation

Hemophilia

Blood clotting disorder that affects boys only, treatment often involves transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factors

Vitamin K

Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of

Calcium ion

Essential for blood clotting

Liver

Organ largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors

Over 30%

Severe shock occurs with blood loss over

Foreign antigen

Stimulates the immune system to release antibodies

Agglutination

The process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump

Blood type A

Contains the A antigen only

Blood type O

Carries no antigens

Blood type AB

Universal recipient has this blood type

Hemolysis

Most likely occurs when an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive

RhoGAM

Immune system used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens

Blood type O

A person with blood type O can only receive

Cross matching

Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients' serum is