APUSH 37: The American Pageant 17th Edition Chapter 37: A Sea of Troubles

Watergate

1973-74 controversy when Nixon was implicated in a cover up of espionage and sabotage of the 1972 Democratic campaign

Smoking Gun Tape

Secret recording taken in White House on 6/23/1972 in which Nixon told his top campaign aide to help CIA cover up Watergate

Republican Committee to Re-Elect the President

Campaign arm of Nixon’s 1972 re-election bid which spied on the Democratic offices at Watergate in June 1972

Helsinki Accords

1975 diplomatic treaties affirming Soviet control of Eastern European states like Poland, USSR acknowledges human rights

Title IX

Section of the Educational Amendments of 1972 which bans sex discrimination in federally funded education programs

Equal Rights Amendment

Failed constitutional amendment that sought to eliminate sex discrimination by the government, passed Congress in 1972 but didn’t have 38 states

Reed v. Reed

1971 Supreme Court case ruling that laws establishing estate administration based on sex is unconstitutional

Frontiero v. Richardson

1973 Supreme Court case ruling that sex discrimination in military family benefits is unconstitutional

Roe v. Wade

1973 Supreme Court case ruling that abortion is legal under the right to privacy

Phyllis Schlafly

Antifeminist activist who opposed ERA because it would eliminate protections for women and weaken the nuclear family

Milliken v. Bradley

1974 Supreme Court case ruling that desegregation plans couldn’t force students across school district lines

Allan Bakke

White medical school applicant who brought case to Supreme Court when he was rejected from UC Davis for being white

United States v. Wheeler

1978 Supreme Court case ruling that native tribes had a limited degree of sovereignty and weren’t subject to state governments

Indian Gaming Regulatory Act

1988 law which created an apparatus to regulate tribal casinos and protect them as important parts of the tribal economy

New Right

Conservative movements emerging in the 1970s and 1980s which was more populist and nationalist, focused on abortion, school prayer, and busing

1976 Election

Jimmy Carter (D-GA) defeats Gerald Ford (R-MI) 297-240, captures 97% of black vote but loses the white southern vote 53%-46%

Camp David Accords

Agreement signed on 9/17/1978 which saw Israel agree to withdrawal troops from lands won during Six-Day War, Egypt agrees to respect Israeli borders

Camp David

Presidential retreat in Maryland which was the site of many foreign agreements between nations, including Israel and Egypt in 1978

Malaise Speech

Jimmy Carter’s speech on 7/15/1979 where he blamed the materialism and immorality of the American people for inflation and the oil crisis

Milton Friedman

Nobel-prize winning economist who advocated for the free market and criticized Keynesianism

Free to Choose

Milton and Rose Friedman’s 1979 book which promoted the free market as a means to solve social issues

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks II

1979 negotiations between Carter and Brezhnev which sought to reduce the amount of weapons each country had, failed in Senate

Iran Hostage Crisis

444 day period where Iranian Islamic terrorists held American diplomats hostage at the US Embassy in Tehran, ended when Reagan took office

Stagflation

Term for the 1970s’ economy which saw low employment growth and high inflation

Robin Morgan

Radical feminist activist who founded advocacy groups and health networks

Leonid Brezhnev

Leader of the USSR who negotiated SALT II treaty and ordered Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Gerald Ford

First unelected president who tried to combat inflation, lost 1976 in narrow fashion