English key terms for graphic novels

Panel

The individual frames/boxes in which the comic’s narrative unfolds.

Gutter

Space between panels; can signify transition or gaps in time and meaning.

Speech Bubble

Shape containing characters’ spoken words. Their style can indicate tone and emotion.

Thought Bubble

Shape containing characters’ thoughts, giving insight into inner perspective.

Caption

Text providing extra information.

Icon

Symbolic representation of objects, characters, or settings; conveys meaning through simplification or exaggeration.

Bleed

An image that runs to the edge of the page for emphasis.

Graphic Weight

Visual emphasis of certain elements.

Visual Irony

When what is depicted visually contrasts with the text or expectations.

Juxtaposition

Contrasting elements to highlight difference.

Symbolic Codes

Use of objects or colours to symbolise ideas.

Body Language

Characters’ gestures and expressions.

Layout

Arrangement of panels.

Font Style

Variations in text style to convey emphasis.