Print Media Production Test 1

fibers

slender cellulose structures; soaked and dried in thin sheets to make paper

virgin fibers

new fibers from raw materials, such as wood or rag

recycled fibers

fibers that have been previously used

wood fibers

fibers harvested from trees; most common source of raw fibers

soft woods

pine and evergreen; makes strong but rough paper

hard woods

maple and oak; short fibers, makes weak but smooth paper

rag fibers

fibers harvested from plants; cotton, hemp, kenaf; last much longer, higher quality

recycled paper

paper made from fibers that have been previously used

pre-consumer

includes leftover paper from the mill, trimmings from process, damaged paper, etc.

post-consumer

includes paper that has been printed, used, discarded by consumers; more expensive than virgin fibers

fourdrinier

large, continuous finely-woven wire belt that vibrates and moves filling and fibers onto grain; created in 1803, named for its sponsors

dandy roll

applies same texture of fourdrinier to top of paper; also used to apply watermarks

calendaring

the more _____, the glossier the paper

calendaring

smooths and aligns paper by pressing between ironing rolls

linen

paper w a textile-like texture on the surface

laid

paper w distinct columns and smaller rows of textured lines

grain

direction that fibers align themselves in papermaking process; affects fold, perforation, etc.

opacity

transparency of paper; higher opacity means less bleedthrough

finish

look and feel of the paper; more calendared + shiny and gloddy, less calendared + rough

coated

has a shiny surface

uncoated

does not have a shiny surface

line art

any flat one-tone image made of solid color; vector, type, line, dot

continuous tone

any image w a natural range of calues such as paintings, photos, or illustrations; cannot be printed unless converted to dots or line art

halftone

repographic technique that simulates continuous tone through dots

printing plates

used to transfer an image to paper or other substrates; metal, plastic, rubber, photomechanical, photochemical, or laser engraving

make-ready

the overall time turnover for a print

sheet fed

paper is fed from stacks of flat sheets

web fed

paper is on a large roll and drawn from pressp

perfecting press

a press that prints both sides of a sheet at the same time; web is always perfecting

letterpress

oldest form of printing; reversed raised surface inked and pressed to surface of paper

gravure

image to be printed is recessed in a plate, ink fills holes, then transferred to paper

offset lithography

image transferred from plate to rubber mat, to printing surface; most popular stamp

flexography

utilizes a flexible relief plate; uses raised surface, inexpensive, stamp

on demand/digital

printing from digital without transferring to a plate; commercial laser or inkjet printers; variable data only works here

additive

red, green, and blue; method that monitors use; when all colors combine, get white light

subtractive

cyan, magenta, and yellow; method of ink and print; additive primaries made from 2 subtractive primaries

hue

name of a color

value

degree of lightness from white to black; each hue has its own value range

tints

mixture of color w white, increases lightness

shades

mixture of color w black, increases darkness

saturation

pureness or richness or a color, reduced by adding grey or complimentary color

gamut

range of colors within visible spectrum that device can display and print

degrees Kelvin

assigned numerical value of color emitted by a light source; daylight = 5000K

spot colors

special mix colors that are printed using one matched color of ink; flat color

process colors

made up of subtractive primaries w addition of black; translucent, overlayed to make color

Pantone Matching System

internationally recognized system for specifying spot colors and controlling consistency of color

duotone

halftone printing using 2 inks

tritone

halftone printed using 3 inks

quadtone

halftone printed using 4 inks

screen angles

used to set halftone; standard screen angle is Y90, M75, C105, K45

rosette

screen dots arranged correctly make a circular pattern

moire pattern

repetitive box-like pattern that results when two screens overlap out-of-register; appears when scanned photo is rescannedac

color blindness

most humans are trichromatic (can see 10 million colors), but some are dichromatic and can only see about a 10th of that; most common is anomalous trichromacy

live area

the part of the page that will print; all info inside area prints w it

crop marks

thin lines placed at corners of a layout to indicate where paper should be trimmed

slug area

every part of a press sheet that will be cut off at the final print

bleed

when an entire background or whole edge bleeds off the page

folds

indicated w a dashed line

perforations

indicated w dotted line

color bars

allows printer to monitor and control color on printed page

page information

file name and date appear in slug

imposition

placement of pages on printer’s press sheet to ensure they align when folded

gripper edge

part of paper pulled through press by gripper fingers; nothing printed here

sheet wise

printed on both sides of the sheet

work and turn

allows page to be printed front and back from one plate; prints rotate from left to right

work and tumble

allows page to be printed front and back from one plate; prints rotate from top to bottom

signatures

group of pages printed on both sides of press sheet; paper fold, cut, trim; creates section of book

creep/pushout

effect on larger saddle-sitch books where center pages press out of paper thick

gang up

refers to multiple copies of same images printed on one press sheet

saddle-stitch

book stapled through center of spine; inexpensive and fast, used for magazines, catalogs, etc.

side stitch

staples placed through side of pages; handles 1.5” thick publications, will not lie flat

perfect

signatures gathered and spide side is trimmed flush; glued to spine and forced between pages w pressure

lie-flat perfect

same as perfect, but cover is only attached at corners of spine

case

best for durability; signatures sewn along spine and put inside case and glued; most expensive

spiral

more expensive than saddle or perfect; pages do not lie flat; opens flat, can be folded on itself

double look wire/wire-o

pages line up when book is open; opens flat and folds on itself; allows for page variation

screw and post

available in many lengths; can accomodate many materials; hand-done binding method

varnish

a clear ink applied to printed surface to protect a layer of ink or create a subtle design effect; glossy, dull, satin, matte

spot varnish

varnish only put on a portion of the page, highlighting a specific element

flood varnish

varnish covering the entire page

metallic ink

ink containing metallic particles; common metals include copper, aluminum, bronze, or zinc; particles rise to the surface when dry and create a light screen

what kind of paper does metallic ink look shinier on?

coated paper

fluorescent ink

inks that make use of ultraviolet light to reflect back light in brilliant colors; must be printed on white for best effect

thermography

special powdered resin added on top of piece, which is heated w ink; creates a raised effect on the paper

embossing

method of pressing raised plate onto paper or cardstock to create 3D designs; raises design off page

debossing

method of pressing raised plate onto paper or cardstock to create 3D designs; design recedes into page

foil stamping

process involving heated plate striking a metallic or pigmented foil, forcing it to paper, making it adhere to surface

die-cut

process where sharp metal blades are shaped to exact specifications and pressed into surface of paper either cutting shape or punching hole into surface

engraving

process using finely engraved plates of steel or copper; recessed areas inked by plate and pressed to paper; causes bruise

how is paper weight measured?

lbs (pounds) or gsm (grams per square meter)