UNit vocal for ACEDEC

5:5:3 ratio

The formula adopted to prevent a naval arms race by assigning a fixed proportion of major ships to the United States, Britain, and Japan.

Abrams v. United States

1919 Supreme Court decision that upheld convictions under the Sedition Act; Justice Holmes dissented and introduced the 'marketplace' of ideas.

Alienists

Term used to describe psychiatrists, doctors specializing in the workings of the human mind.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

The nation’s largest labor union with a membership of over four million in 1919.

Armstrong, Louis

Considered the greatest jazz trumpeter of all time, known for his virtuosic solos and improvisational singing.

Bank run

A rush by depositors to withdraw savings from banks, causing thousands of banks to fail.

Birthright citizenship

Principle affirmed by the Fourteenth Amendment that all persons born in the United States are automatically granted citizenship.

Black Tuesday

Record stock sell-off on October 29, 1929, that resulted in a massive loss in market value.

Bohemians

Individuals who rejected dominant social norms in favor of a non-conformist lifestyle, often associated with artistic communities.

Bolshevik Revolution

Communist takeover of the Provisional Russian government in October of 1917, led by Vladimir Lenin.

Bonus Army

A large contingent of World War I veterans who marched in Washington, D.C., to lobby for early payment of war bonuses.

Bootlegger

Popular term for individuals involved in the production and smuggling of illegal alcohol during Prohibition.

Bryan, William Jennings

A prominent Democratic Congressman and three-time presidential candidate known for his anti-evolution stance.

Buck v. Bell

1927 Supreme Court decision upholding Virginia’s involuntary sterilization law.

Bureau of Investigation (BOI)

Precursor of the FBI, led by J. Edgar Hoover, focused on cracking down on suspected radicals.

Buying on margin

A practice that allowed investors to purchase stocks with borrowed money, contributing to speculation.

Capone, Al

An Italian-American gangster who controlled much of Chicago in the late 1920s through organized crime.

Catt, Carrie Chapman

Suffragist who led the moderate wing of the suffrage movement.

Charleston

A popular dance craze of the 1920s involving rapid, coordinated movements of arms and legs.

Chicago Defender

Largest African-American daily newspaper that played a significant role in promoting African American migration north.

Companionate marriage

Popularized concept suggesting couples explore compatibility before committing to legal marriage.

Coolidge, Calvin

U.S. President from 1923 to 1929 known for his quiet demeanor and a period of economic prosperity.

Coughlin, Father Charles

A Roman Catholic clergyman known as the 'Radio Priest' who had a significant national following.

Darrow, Clarence

Renowned liberal defense attorney famous for high-profile trials and the Scopes Monkey Trial.

Daugherty, Harry

Attorney General under Warren G. Harding, known for overseeing corruption in the Justice Department.

Dawes Plan

Recommendations designed to stabilize the postwar European economy by easing Germany's reparations.

Debs v. United States

Supreme Court decision upholding the conviction of socialist leader Eugene Debs for anti-war speech.

Du Bois, W. E. B.

Civil rights activist and co-founder of the NAACP who fought for Black civil rights and against segregation.

Dust Bowl

A severe drought beginning in 1930 that devastated crops and led to mass migration of farmers.

Ederle, Gertrude

An American swimmer who became the first woman to swim the English Channel in record time.

Eighteenth Amendment

Ratified in 1919, it prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transport of alcohol.

Elaine Massacre

A racially motivated massacre in 1919 where white vigilantes killed over 200 Black sharecroppers.

Equal Rights Amendment

A proposed amendment aimed at banning discrimination based on sex.

Espionage Act

Legislation enacted in 1917 criminalizing actions that obstructed military conscription.

Eugenics

A pseudoscientific movement claiming to improve human populations by controlled breeding.

Federal Radio Act of 1927

Established federal regulatory framework for radio broadcasting.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott

Author known for his novel 'The Great Gatsby' and depiction of the Roaring Twenties.

Flapper

An icon representing liberated women of the 1920s, characterized by short skirts and defiance of traditional norms.

Ford, Henry

Innovative industrialist known for revolutionizing automobile production with assembly lines.

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson's proposal for a sustainable peace after World War I.

Freud, Sigmund

Founder of psychoanalysis, his theories greatly influenced American society in the 1920s.

Fundamentalists

Movement within Protestant Christianity stressing the literal truth of the Bible.

Garvey, Marcus

Leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association advocating for Black nationalism.

General Intelligence Division (GID)

A division established to suppress radicalism during the Red Scare.

Gompers, Samuel

Leader of the AFL who warned against radicalism in the labor movement.

Great Depression

Severe economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted throughout the 1930s.

Great Migration

Mass movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities from around 1910 to 1970.

Harding, Warren G.

Republican President known for corruption scandals during his administration.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural flowering among African Americans in the 1920s, impacting art and literature.

Hemingway, Ernest

Author associated with the Lost Generation known for his minimalist style.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr.

A Supreme Court Justice known for his influential opinions regarding civil liberties.

Hoover, Herbert

U.S. President known for his failed response to the Great Depression.

Hoovervilles

Sardonic term for shantytowns that arose during the Great Depression.

Immigration Restriction League (IRL)

Nativist organization advocating for strict limits on immigration.

Installment buying

Buying on credit, allowing consumers to take home goods with a small down payment.

International Workers of the World (IWW)

Radical labor union known for seeking revolutionary changes.

Irreconcilables

Factions opposed to the Treaty of Versailles.

Jazz

A musical genre originating from African-American communities characterized by syncopated rhythms.

Jim Crow

Legal and social restrictions imposed on African Americans, chiefly in the South.

Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924

Legislation that set strict quotas on immigration based on nationality.

Jones, Bobby

American golf champion who popularized the sport in the 1920s.

Kahn, Albert

Architect known for innovative factory designs, notably for Ford Motor Company.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

1928 treaty that aimed to outlaw war as a means of national policy.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

White supremacist organization that revived in 1915, gaining significant political power.

Laissez-faire

Economic principle advocating minimal government intervention in markets.

League of Nations

International organization proposed by Wilson to facilitate peaceful conflict resolution.

Leopold and Loeb Trial

A high-profile murder trial of two wealthy teenagers in 1924.

Lindsay, Ben

Progressive judge known for promoting companionate marriage.

Lodge, Henry Cabot

Senator who led the faction opposing the Treaty of Versailles without amendments.

Lost Generation

Group of American writers disillusioned by World War I and the contemporary culture.

Lynd, Robert and Helen Lynd

Sociologists who studied the dynamics of small-town America.

McPherson, Aimee Semple

Popular evangelical preacher using radio to reach large audiences.

Mellon, Andrew W.

Secretary of the Treasury noted for his fiscal policies in the 1920s.

Model A

Ford's new car introduced in 1927 as a follow-up to the Model T.

Model T

The first mass-produced car, introduced by Ford in 1908.

Movie palaces

Large, elaborately decorated theaters popular during the silent film era.

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Major organization advocating for women's suffrage.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Civil rights organization aimed at fighting racial discrimination.

National Women’s Party (NWP)

Suffragist organization known for its radical tactics and support for equal rights.

New Negro Movement

Intellectual movement celebrating Black cultural achievements.

Nineteenth Amendment

Constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote.

Ohio Gang

Politically connected individuals within the Harding administration involved in corruption.

O’Keeffe, Georgia

Modernist artist known for her landscapes and floral paintings.

Ozawa v. United States

Supreme Court case denying a Japanese immigrant’s claim to whiteness for citizenship.

Palmer, A. Mitchell

Attorney General known for leading the crackdown on radicals during the Red Scare.

Palmer Raids

Series of raids targeting suspected radicals after World War I.

Paul, Alice

Feminist and suffragist who championed protest tactics for women's rights.

Pickford, Mary

Silent film actress known as 'America's sweetheart'.

Planned obsolescence

Designing products with a deliberately limited lifespan to encourage frequent replacement.

Ponzi, Charles

Immigrant known for a fraudulent investment scheme that bears his name.

Psychoanalysis

Therapy method developed by Freud to explore the subconscious.

Racial Integrity Act of 1924

Virginia law prohibiting interracial marriage.

Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Company resulting from a merger that dominated the radio industry in the 1920s.

Rankin, Jeannette

First woman elected to Congress in the United States.

Red Scare

Period of anti-radical sentiment following the Bolshevik Revolution.

Red Summer

Period of racial violence in the U.S. in 1919 marked by riots and mob violence.

Remus, George

Notorious bootlegger known as the 'Bootleg King' during Prohibition.

Reservationists

Faction in Congress wanting amendments to the Treaty of Versailles.

Ruth, Babe

Famous baseball player known for setting the home run record in 1927.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian immigrants executed for murder amid questionable evidence and political bias.