UNit vocal for ACEDEC

Flashcard #1
Term: 5:5:3 ratio
Definition: The formula adopted to prevent a naval arms race by assigning a fixed proportion of major ships to the United States, Britain, and Japan.

Flashcard #2
Term: Abrams v. United States
Definition: 1919 Supreme Court decision that upheld convictions under the Sedition Act; Justice Holmes dissented and introduced the 'marketplace' of ideas.

Flashcard #3
Term: Alienists
Definition: Term used to describe psychiatrists, doctors specializing in the workings of the human mind.

Flashcard #4
Term: American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Definition: The nation’s largest labor union with a membership of over four million in 1919.

Flashcard #5
Term: Armstrong, Louis
Definition: Considered the greatest jazz trumpeter of all time, known for his virtuosic solos and improvisational singing.

Flashcard #6
Term: Bank run
Definition: A rush by depositors to withdraw savings from banks, causing thousands of banks to fail.

Flashcard #7
Term: Birthright citizenship
Definition: Principle affirmed by the Fourteenth Amendment that all persons born in the United States are automatically granted citizenship.

Flashcard #8
Term: Black Tuesday
Definition: Record stock sell-off on October 29, 1929, that resulted in a massive loss in market value.

Flashcard #9
Term: Bohemians
Definition: Individuals who rejected dominant social norms in favor of a non-conformist lifestyle, often associated with artistic communities.

Flashcard #10
Term: Bolshevik Revolution
Definition: Communist takeover of the Provisional Russian government in October of 1917, led by Vladimir Lenin.

Flashcard #11
Term: Bonus Army
Definition: A large contingent of World War I veterans who marched in Washington, D.C., to lobby for early payment of war bonuses.

Flashcard #12
Term: Bootlegger
Definition: Popular term for individuals involved in the production and smuggling of illegal alcohol during Prohibition.

Flashcard #13
Term: Bryan, William Jennings
Definition: A prominent Democratic Congressman and three-time presidential candidate known for his anti-evolution stance.

Flashcard #14
Term: Buck v. Bell
Definition: 1927 Supreme Court decision upholding Virginia’s involuntary sterilization law.

Flashcard #15
Term: Bureau of Investigation (BOI)
Definition: Precursor of the FBI, led by J. Edgar Hoover, focused on cracking down on suspected radicals.

Flashcard #16
Term: Buying on margin
Definition: A practice that allowed investors to purchase stocks with borrowed money, contributing to speculation.

Flashcard #17
Term: Capone, Al
Definition: An Italian-American gangster who controlled much of Chicago in the late 1920s through organized crime.

Flashcard #18
Term: Catt, Carrie Chapman
Definition: Suffragist who led the moderate wing of the suffrage movement.

Flashcard #19
Term: Charleston
Definition: A popular dance craze of the 1920s involving rapid, coordinated movements of arms and legs.

Flashcard #20
Term: Chicago Defender
Definition: Largest African-American daily newspaper that played a significant role in promoting African American migration north.

Flashcard #21
Term: Companionate marriage
Definition: Popularized concept suggesting couples explore compatibility before committing to legal marriage.

Flashcard #22
Term: Coolidge, Calvin
Definition: U.S. President from 1923 to 1929 known for his quiet demeanor and a period of economic prosperity.

Flashcard #23
Term: Coughlin, Father Charles
Definition: A Roman Catholic clergyman known as the 'Radio Priest' who had a significant national following.

Flashcard #24
Term: Darrow, Clarence
Definition: Renowned liberal defense attorney famous for high-profile trials and the Scopes Monkey Trial.

Flashcard #25
Term: Daugherty, Harry
Definition: Attorney General under Warren G. Harding, known for overseeing corruption in the Justice Department.

Flashcard #26
Term: Dawes Plan
Definition: Recommendations designed to stabilize the postwar European economy by easing Germany's reparations.

Flashcard #27
Term: Debs v. United States
Definition: Supreme Court decision upholding the conviction of socialist leader Eugene Debs for anti-war speech.

Flashcard #28
Term: Du Bois, W. E. B.
Definition: Civil rights activist and co-founder of the NAACP who fought for Black civil rights and against segregation.

Flashcard #29
Term: Dust Bowl
Definition: A severe drought beginning in 1930 that devastated crops and led to mass migration of farmers.

Flashcard #30
Term: Ederle, Gertrude
Definition: An American swimmer who became the first woman to swim the English Channel in record time.

Flashcard #31
Term: Eighteenth Amendment
Definition: Ratified in 1919, it prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transport of alcohol.

Flashcard #32
Term: Elaine Massacre
Definition: A racially motivated massacre in 1919 where white vigilantes killed over 200 Black sharecroppers.

Flashcard #33
Term: Equal Rights Amendment
Definition: A proposed amendment aimed at banning discrimination based on sex.

Flashcard #34
Term: Espionage Act
Definition: Legislation enacted in 1917 criminalizing actions that obstructed military conscription.

Flashcard #35
Term: Eugenics
Definition: A pseudoscientific movement claiming to improve human populations by controlled breeding.

Flashcard #36
Term: Federal Radio Act of 1927
Definition: Established federal regulatory framework for radio broadcasting.

Flashcard #37
Term: Fitzgerald, F. Scott
Definition: Author known for his novel 'The Great Gatsby' and depiction of the Roaring Twenties.

Flashcard #38
Term: Flapper
Definition: An icon representing liberated women of the 1920s, characterized by short skirts and defiance of traditional norms.

Flashcard #39
Term: Ford, Henry
Definition: Innovative industrialist known for revolutionizing automobile production with assembly lines.

Flashcard #40
Term: Fourteen Points
Definition: Woodrow Wilson's proposal for a sustainable peace after World War I.

Flashcard #41
Term: Freud, Sigmund
Definition: Founder of psychoanalysis, his theories greatly influenced American society in the 1920s.

Flashcard #42
Term: Fundamentalists
Definition: Movement within Protestant Christianity stressing the literal truth of the Bible.

Flashcard #43
Term: Garvey, Marcus
Definition: Leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association advocating for Black nationalism.

Flashcard #44
Term: General Intelligence Division (GID)
Definition: A division established to suppress radicalism during the Red Scare.

Flashcard #45
Term: Gompers, Samuel
Definition: Leader of the AFL who warned against radicalism in the labor movement.

Flashcard #46
Term: Great Depression
Definition: Severe economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted throughout the 1930s.

Flashcard #47
Term: Great Migration
Definition: Mass movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities from around 1910 to 1970.

Flashcard #48
Term: Harding, Warren G.
Definition: Republican President known for corruption scandals during his administration.

Flashcard #49
Term: Harlem Renaissance
Definition: A cultural flowering among African Americans in the 1920s, impacting art and literature.

Flashcard #50
Term: Hemingway, Ernest
Definition: Author associated with the Lost Generation known for his minimalist style.

Flashcard #51
Term: Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr.
Definition: A Supreme Court Justice known for his influential opinions regarding civil liberties.

Flashcard #52
Term: Hoover, Herbert
Definition: U.S. President known for his failed response to the Great Depression.

Flashcard #53
Term: Hoovervilles
Definition: Sardonic term for shantytowns that arose during the Great Depression.

Flashcard #54
Term: Immigration Restriction League (IRL)
Definition: Nativist organization advocating for strict limits on immigration.

Flashcard #55
Term: Installment buying
Definition: Buying on credit, allowing consumers to take home goods with a small down payment.

Flashcard #56
Term: International Workers of the World (IWW)
Definition: Radical labor union known for seeking revolutionary changes.

Flashcard #57
Term: Irreconcilables
Definition: Factions opposed to the Treaty of Versailles.

Flashcard #58
Term: Jazz
Definition: A musical genre originating from African-American communities characterized by syncopated rhythms.

Flashcard #59
Term: Jim Crow
Definition: Legal and social restrictions imposed on African Americans, chiefly in the South.

Flashcard #60
Term: Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924
Definition: Legislation that set strict quotas on immigration based on nationality.

Flashcard #61
Term: Jones, Bobby
Definition: American golf champion who popularized the sport in the 1920s.

Flashcard #62
Term: Kahn, Albert
Definition: Architect known for innovative factory designs, notably for Ford Motor Company.

Flashcard #63
Term: Kellogg-Briand Pact
Definition: 1928 treaty that aimed to outlaw war as a means of national policy.

Flashcard #64
Term: Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Definition: White supremacist organization that revived in 1915, gaining significant political power.

Flashcard #65
Term: Laissez-faire
Definition: Economic principle advocating minimal government intervention in markets.

Flashcard #66
Term: League of Nations
Definition: International organization proposed by Wilson to facilitate peaceful conflict resolution.

Flashcard #67
Term: Leopold and Loeb Trial
Definition: A high-profile murder trial of two wealthy teenagers in 1924.

Flashcard #68
Term: Lindsay, Ben
Definition: Progressive judge known for promoting companionate marriage.

Flashcard #69
Term: Lodge, Henry Cabot
Definition: Senator who led the faction opposing the Treaty of Versailles without amendments.

Flashcard #70
Term: Lost Generation
Definition: Group of American writers disillusioned by World War I and the contemporary culture.

Flashcard #71
Term: Lynd, Robert and Helen Lynd
Definition: Sociologists who studied the dynamics of small-town America.

Flashcard #72
Term: McPherson, Aimee Semple
Definition: Popular evangelical preacher using radio to reach large audiences.

Flashcard #73
Term: Mellon, Andrew W.
Definition: Secretary of the Treasury noted for his fiscal policies in the 1920s.

Flashcard #74
Term: Model A
Definition: Ford's new car introduced in 1927 as a follow-up to the Model T.

Flashcard #75
Term: Model T
Definition: The first mass-produced car, introduced by Ford in 1908.

Flashcard #76
Term: Movie palaces
Definition: Large, elaborately decorated theaters popular during the silent film era.

Flashcard #77
Term: National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Definition: Major organization advocating for women's suffrage.

Flashcard #78
Term: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Definition: Civil rights organization aimed at fighting racial discrimination.

Flashcard #79
Term: National Women’s Party (NWP)
Definition: Suffragist organization known for its radical tactics and support for equal rights.

Flashcard #80
Term: New Negro Movement
Definition: Intellectual movement celebrating Black cultural achievements.

Flashcard #81
Term: Nineteenth Amendment
Definition: Constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote.

Flashcard #82
Term: Ohio Gang
Definition: Politically connected individuals within the Harding administration involved in corruption.

Flashcard #83
Term: O’Keeffe, Georgia
Definition: Modernist artist known for her landscapes and floral paintings.

Flashcard #84
Term: Ozawa v. United States
Definition: Supreme Court case denying a Japanese immigrant’s claim to whiteness for citizenship.

Flashcard #85
Term: Palmer, A. Mitchell
Definition: Attorney General known for leading the crackdown on radicals during the Red Scare.

Flashcard #86
Term: Palmer Raids
Definition: Series of raids targeting suspected radicals after World War I.

Flashcard #87
Term: Paul, Alice
Definition: Feminist and suffragist who championed protest tactics for women's rights.

Flashcard #88
Term: Pickford, Mary
Definition: Silent film actress known as 'America's sweetheart'.

Flashcard #89
Term: Planned obsolescence
Definition: Designing products with a deliberately limited lifespan to encourage frequent replacement.

Flashcard #90
Term: Ponzi, Charles
Definition: Immigrant known for a fraudulent investment scheme that bears his name.

Flashcard #91
Term: Psychoanalysis
Definition: Therapy method developed by Freud to explore the subconscious.

Flashcard #92
Term: Racial Integrity Act of 1924
Definition: Virginia law prohibiting interracial marriage.

Flashcard #93
Term: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)
Definition: Company resulting from a merger that dominated the radio industry in the 1920s.

Flashcard #94
Term: Rankin, Jeannette
Definition: First woman elected to Congress in the United States.

Flashcard #95
Term: Red Scare
Definition: Period of anti-radical sentiment following the Bolshevik Revolution.

Flashcard #96
Term: Red Summer
Definition: Period of racial violence in the U.S. in 1919 marked by riots and mob violence.

Flashcard #97
Term: Remus, George
Definition: Notorious bootlegger known as the 'Bootleg King' during Prohibition.

Flashcard #98
Term: Reservationists
Definition: Faction in Congress wanting amendments to the Treaty of Versailles.

Flashcard #99
Term: Ruth, Babe
Definition: Famous baseball player known for setting the home run record in 1927.

Flashcard #100
Term: Sacco and Vanzetti
Definition: Italian immigrants executed for murder amid questionable evidence and political bias.

Flashcard #101
Term: Sarnoff, David
Definition: RCA executive who significantly influenced radio broadcasting and anticipated television's rise.

Flashcard #102
Term: Schenck v. United States
Definition: Supreme Court case establishing limits on First Amendment rights during wartime.

Flashcard #103
Term: Scopes trial
Definition: The 1925 trial questioning the legality of teaching evolution in schools.

Flashcard #104
Term: Sedition Act
Definition: 1918 law penalizing criticism of the U.S. government or the war effort.

Flashcard #105
Term: Sharecroppers
Definition: Farmers who worked land owned by others and remained in debt to landlords.

Flashcard #106
Term: Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act
Definition: Legislation expanding maternal care, reflecting women's progressive activism.

Flashcard #107
Term: Smith, Alfred E.
Definition: Prominent New York politician and first Catholic presidential candidate.

Flashcard #108
Term: Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Definition: High tariff enacted in 1930 that worsened the effects of the Great Depression.

Flashcard #109
Term: Speakeasies
Definition: Illegally operating bars selling alcohol during Prohibition.

Flashcard #110
Term: Stock Market Crash of 1929
Definition: Market collapse that led to widespread financial crisis and contributed to the Great Depression.

Flashcard #111
Term: Talkie
Definition: Films with synchronized sound that emerged after the silent film era.

Flashcard #112
Term: Taylor, Frederick W.
Definition: Engineer who promoted 'scientific management' to increase production efficiency.

Flashcard #113
Term: Teapot Dome Scandal
Definition: Corruption scandal involving the secret leasing of federal oil reserves.

Flashcard #114
Term: Tilden, William
Definition: Top-ranked amateur tennis player from 1920 to 1925.

Flashcard #115
Term: Treaty of Versailles
Definition: The agreement that ended World War I, imposing harsh penalties on Germany.

Flashcard #116
Term: United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
Definition: Supreme Court case denying citizenship to an Indian immigrant based on racial definitions.

Flashcard #117
Term: Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
Definition: Organization promoting Black nationalism and economic independence.

Flashcard #118
Term: Valentino, Rudolph
Definition: Hollywood star of the silent era known for his romantic roles.

Flashcard #119
Term: Vertical integration
Definition: Practice where a company controls all aspects of production and distribution.

Flashcard #120
Term: Volstead Act
Definition: Legislation that enforced Prohibition starting in 1920.

Flashcard #121
Term: Washington Naval Conference
Definition: Major disarmament conference resulting in treaties to limit naval construction.

Flashcard #122
Term: Welfare capitalism
Definition: Corporate strategy to improve worker benefits and relations to limit union power.

Flashcard #123
Term: Wilson, Woodrow
Definition: President known for his idealism and the creation of the League of Nations.

Flashcard #124
Term: Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Definition: Leading organization advocating for Prohibition and temperance in the United States.

Flashcard #125
Term: Naturalization Act
Definition: Extended naturalization to immigrants of African descent.

Flashcard #126
Term: Eugenical Sterilization Act
Definition: Allowed involuntary sterilization of mentally ill inmates of state asylums.

Flashcard #127
Term: Johnson-Reed Acts
Definition: A numerical quota on all nations pegged to each nation's share of the U.S. population in 1890.

Flashcard #128
Term: Immigration Act
Definition: Imposed literacy tests and banned all immigration from Asia.

Flashcard #129
Term: Agricultural Marketing Act
Definition: Passed to tackle the problem of agricultural surplus.

Flashcard #130
Term: Butler Act
Definition: Barred the teaching of evolution in schools.

Flashcard #131
Term: Securities and Exchange Act
Definition: An attempt to stop stock manipulation by investing pools.

Flashcard #132
Term: Emergency Quota Act
Definition: Capped the number of migrants permitted each year by establishing a maximum quota.

Flashcard #133
Term: Chinese Exclusion Act
Definition: Barred Chinese immigrants from becoming naturalized citizens.

Flashcard #134
Term: Charles Schenck
Definition: Socialist leader convicted for distributing leaflets against the draft during World War I.

Flashcard #135
Term: Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
Definition: Supreme Court justice who introduced the "clear and present danger" doctrine but later dissented in a free speech case.

Flashcard #136
Term: Eugene Debs
Definition: Socialist leader convicted for an anti-war speech; later ran for president from prison.

Flashcard #137
Term: "clear and present danger" doctrine
Definition: A legal principle that allowed the government to restrict speech if it posed an immediate threat to national security.

Flashcard #138
Term: Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Definition: Two Italian immigrants and anarchists convicted of murder in a trial that was influenced by anti-immigrant bias.

Flashcard #139
Term: The "marketplace of ideas"
Definition: The idea that different opinions should compete freely in society without government interference.