muscular system

flexion

bicep curl/reduced angle

extension

increased angle

hyperextension

increased angle past normal limits (double jointed)

hyperflexion

extremely reduced angle under normal limits

abduction

away from midline

adduction (add)

toward midline

horizontal adduction

toward midline in the horizontal plane

horizontal abduction

away from midline in horizontal plane

circumduction

limbs move in circle

rotation (medial/internal)

movement around axis internally

rotation (lateral/external)

movement around axis away from midline

supination (forearm/hand)

movement of limbs to supine position (serve soup)

pronation (forearm/hand)

movement of limbs palms down

elevation

upwards, superior direction

depression

downwards, inferior direction

protraction

movement in anterior direction (roll shoulders forward)

retraction

movement in posterior direction (roll shoulders backward)

plantarflexion

point toes forward, toe extension

dorsiflexion

flexing foot

inversion

tilting toes inward/soles of feet

supination (foot)

normal foot, flat/straightforward

eversion

tilt sole of foot away from midline

pronation (foot)

plantarflexion + eversion

opposition

bring thumb and pinky together

reposition

pull thumb and pinky apart