NSE 212

w1: what is research + its significance

research = systematic, rigorous, logical investigation aiming to answer questions about nursing phenomena (occurrences, situations)

significance:

1. expands discipline’s unique body of knowledge

2. forms the foundation for evidence-informed nursing practice

3. allow practice to change according to work environments and most common health issues

4. maintains the profession’s societal relevance (important, useful, respected in society)

w1: evidence-based practice vs evidence-informed practice

evidence-based practice = research + clinical expertise + patient preference (research is top priority)

evidence-informed practice = research + clinical expertise + patient preference + context/resources (more flexible)

• research utilization + EIP

  • apply research findings to improve pt care

w1: historical perspectives of nursing research

w1: future direction + trends in research

• community-based care

• health promotion, risk reduction

• reducing disparities in healthcare

• research on older adults

• interdisciplinary collaborative practice

• use of technology

• needs of indigenous peoples

w1: nurses’ role in research

1. consumer

   • understand charts

2. generator of clinical questions

   • ask questions

3. investigator/participant in research

   • nurse researcher

4. protector of research participants

   • when pt are taken adv during research, duty as nurse to step in

w1: professional standards of practice - CNA position statement

1. all nurses must collaborate with other healthcare stakeholders to faciitate evidence-informed decision-making and practice

2. sources of evidence need to be critically appraised before their findings are incorporated into decision making

w1: professional standards of practice - individual nurses

individual nurses support evidence-informed nursing practice by:

1. using their education to provide optimal care

2. reading and critiquing research in nursing and health sciences

3. generating research questions and sharing them with leaders/researchers

4. participating in or conducting research

5. evaluating and promoting evidence-informed practice

w1: entry-to-practice competencies

DO READING

w1: CNO code of conduct - REVIEW

1. nurses respect client’s dignity

2. nurses provide inclusive and culturally safe care by practicing cultural humility

3. nurses provide safe and competent care

4. nurses work respectfully with the health care team

5. nurses act with integrity in clients’ best interest

6. nurses maintain public confidence in the nursing profession

w1: 4 philosophical foundations and characteristics of research

1. nature of knowledge

2. philosophical foundations

3. paradigms

4. characteristics of quantitative research

w1: the nature of knowledge + theoretical/empirical knowledge

• nurses use curiosity to question phenomena in clinical practice

• they ask questions to improve care delivery, innovate methods and create best practice guidelines

• these questions lead to a knowledge-development process, involving:

  1. knowledge gap - notice missing info

  2. knowledge generation - creating research to answer question

  3. knowledge distribution - sharing findings (publications, reports, networks)

  4. knowledge adoption - applying new knowledge in practice and policies

  5. knowledge review/revision - ongoing updates as new issues arise

Theoretical/empirical knowledge (aka scientific knowledge)

• theoretical knowing = developing/testing theories/ideas

• empirical knowing = involves observations (ex: delivering interventions, conducting surveys/questionnaires)

• theoretical knowing is informed by empirical knowing

w1: philosophical terms - ontology, epistemology, methodology, context, aim of inquiry, researcher values

ontology = science/study of “being”

• Q: what can be said to exist?

epistemology = the issue of “truth”

• Q: how do we know what we know

methodology = discipline-specific principles, rules, and procedures that guide the research process

context = personal, social, political environment factors that may influence research findings

aim of inquiry = goals of research

• explanation, prediction and control

researcher values = personal beliefs of the researcher

w1: paradigm + nursing paradigm

paradigm (greek word paradeigma meaning “pattern”) = different ways of viewing the world

• have a set of assumptions about what is reality, how knowledge is created and what is valuable to learn

nursing paradigms = how philosophical questions are answered depends on the nursing paradigm used to guide the research process

w1: paradigms and research methods

research methods = principles, rules, procedures that guide the process of knowledge acquired

different paradigms will determine the research methods

• post positivist paradigm = quantitative research method