BBST 210 - NT History & Literature - Exam 1 Study Guide

Intertestamental Period

The 400 year period between the Old and New Testaments

Diaspora

Scattering of the Jews throughout the Babylonian Empire into foreign lands

Synagogues

Gathering places for studying scripture

Hellenization

Spread of Greek culture

LXX/Septuagint

Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible

Antiochus IV

The Seleucid king who tried to force Hellenism, including Greek religion, on his Jewish subjects.

Samaritans

Separatist group of Jews who intermarried with the Gentiles after the exile.

Pharisees

A Jewish sect at the time of Jesus known for its strict adherence to the Law.

Mishnah

The Pharisee's book of oral law and teachings.

Sadducees

Were largely based out of Jerusalem

Were concerned about the temple/sacrifices

Sanhedrin

The supreme council of the Jews.

Essenes

A sect of Jews who followed very strict rules in order to "Light up the runway" for the messiah.

Quamran

Village near dead sea

found dead sea scrolls (OT scrolls) in 1947

"Zealots"

Did anything possible to advance the cause of God in the midst of pagan rulers in Israel.

Apocrypha

"Unveiling" Jewish writings that mostly entail the future vindication of the righteous.

Pseudepigrapha

False writings

Apocalyptic Literature

A literary form that uses dramatic events and highly symbolic language to offer hope to a people in crisis.

Centuries of Silence

400 years of silence when Jews thought God had taken his Spirit away from Israel because of her sin.

Judaisms

Variety of Jewish sects during the IT and NT periods

Herod the Great

A wickedly ambitious king who took over the government of Palestine with the support of the Romans.

Mt. Gerizim

Samaritans "true place for sacrifice"

Hanukkah

Feast of dedication when the temple was rededicated

Judas Maccabeus

Took over leadership of the Maccabean Revolt and rededicated the temple

Mattathias

Elderly priest that refused to offer the sacrifice and sparked the Maccabean Revolt

Hasmoneans

Another name for the Maccabean Revolt after Mattathitias's family name

Mishnah

The Pharisee's book of oral law and teachings.

John the Baptist

His baptizing and preaching in the wilderness prepared the way for Jesus.

Repentance

Turning away from sin and recommitting to faithfulness and renewed loyalty to the kingship of God

Genealogy

Origin of bloodline

Messiah/Christ

("Annointed One") The promised deliverer of Israel from the line of David who would establish God's rule.

Son of God

Jesus

Son of Man

A title Jesus used to refer to himself. It emphasizes both Jesus' humanity and divinity.

Immanual

A Hebrew word meaning "God is with us."

Sermon on the Mount

A part of the Gospel according to Matthew in which Jesus preaches important moral teachings, including the Beatitudes

Mishanah

Written down in about AD 200; contains collected teachings of the rabbis of the preceding four centuries; along with the Talmud, is the most important text of the oral Torah.

Six Antitheses

"you have heard that it was said...but now I say to you" reveal how radical Jesus' teaching was

Beatitudes

Challenged followers to adopt Jesus' character as the anointed messenger of God's salvation to the poor

Shaliah

Persons sent carried the authority of the one who sent them

Abba

Abba means "my Father" or "our Father" in Aramaic.

Disciple

A follower of Jesus

Parable

A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson

Kingdom of God/Heaven

Reference to God's kingly rule in both salvation and in punitive judgement

Inaugurated Kingdom

God's kingdom has been inaugurated but not yet fully consummated

Promise and Fulfillment

Old Testament/New Testament relationship

Typology

The study of how the New Testament is foreshadowed in the Old Testament.

Dead Sea Scrolls

Writings by Jews who lived about 2,000 years ago

Qumran

Where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found

Triumphal Entry

Jesus' dramatic entrance into Jerusalem at the beginning of the last week of his life. He rides a donkey and is welcomed by crowds shouting "Hosanna."

Cleansing the Temple

Jesus drove out money changers and the corrupted people from the temple

Passover Meal

The Last Supper

Table Fellowship

Eating with "Tax collectors and sinners"

The Great Commission

Matthew 28: 16-20 "Go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit."

John Mark

Author of the Gospel of Mark

Christ

The Greek term for "Messiah." It means "the anointed one."

Son of God

A title for Jesus that refers to his relationship with the other Persons of the Trinity.

Peter's Confession

States "You are the Christ"

Centurion's Confession

"Surely this man was the Son of God"

Messianic Secret

Jesus' request for people not to tell anyone that he was the Messiah until it was time to reveal it

Failure of the Disciples

They fled at Jesus' arrest

Discipleship

Pattern of life expected of all those who desire to follow Jesus

Service

To serve the living God

Kingdom of God

The power of God's love active in our lives and in our world

Kingdom Parables

Metaphors or word pictures that clarify the nature of the present form of the kingdom

Eschatological Discourse

Jesus warns against deception and reminds his disciples to always be ready for his return

Son of Man

A title Jesus used to refer to himself. It emphasizes both Jesus' humanity and divinity.

Synoptic Gospels

From the Greek for "seeing the whole together," the name given to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, because they are similar in style and content.

Historical Accuracy

Within Luke it means that Luke's theological interests do not rule out historical reliability

Fulfilled Prophecy

Luke claims Jesus fulfills all OT prophecy

Septuagint/LXX

the Greek translation of the Old Testament. "LXX" serves as its abbreviation.

John the Baptist

Prepared the way for Jesus

Baptism

a Christian sacrament signifying spiritual cleansing and rebirth

Genealogy

Origin of Bloodline

Temptation

The attraction to choose sin

Holy Spirit

The third Person of the Holy Trinity

Christ/Messiah

Anointed one

Son of David

A title for Jesus that indicates his ancestry can be traced to King David, as foretold in Scripture.

Travel Narrative

Jesus resolutely set out for Jerusalem (Luke 9:51)

Salvation

Deliverance from sin and its consequences

Inaugurated Eschatology

Jesus's earthly ministry brought the beginning of end times

Ascension

The "going up" into Heaven of the Risen Christ forty days after his Resurrection.

Marginalized People

Positive role models in Jesus' teaching

Poor

Luke treated them well, and knew God favored them just as much as the wealthy

Disciple

A follower of Jesus

Apostles

12 men Jesus had chosen to help Him in his teaching

Priorities

Jesus' priorities were radically different than those of His time

Material Possessions

Not wrong, unless they come between a person and Jesus

Prayer

Conversation with God

Synoptic Gospels

Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke

Sent One

Sent by God to save the world because God loves them

Christology

The study of Jesus Christ

Messianic Expectations

The hope of the Jewish people that a new leader, a Messiah, would bring them to freedom

Warrior King

(King David) freed Israel from foreign oppression through military might

Ontological Deity

Jesus is God. Implied by John

Signs

Significant acts or miracles

Feast of Tabernacles

A feast to give thanks to God for a good harvest and for his benefits in the desert during the Exodus from Egypt

Feast of Dedication

Hannukah

Feast of Passover

The Last Supper

"Jews" In John

Unbelieving Jewish leadership

"Trial" Theme

Much of John's gospel seems like a trial of Jesus.

New Covenant

The climax of Salvation History, the coming of Jesus Christ, the fullness of God's Revelation.