AMP 269 Exam three vob

Active immunity

Community provided by an encounter with an antigen

Adaptive defense system

Bridge of the immunity system that target specific antigens; involves B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells

Antigen

Including toxins, foreign proteins, or bacteria that were introduced to the body is recognized as foreign and activates the immune system

Atria

the two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood returning from the body and lungs

Atrioventricular valves

two valves set between the atria ventricles to prevent backflow

Asthma

Disease or allergic response, characterized by brachia spasms, and difficult breathing

Bronchitis

is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes (airways) that carry air to the lungs, usually caused by viruses

Cardiac output

The blood volume injected per minute by each ventricle

Cardiac cycle

Sequence of events and compressing one complete contraction and relaxation of atria and ventricle

Cellular immunity

Immunity conferred by lymphocytes called T cells

coronary arteries

Arteries that branch off the aorta and supplied the myocardium

Coronary veins

blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle (myocardium) to the right atrium

COPD

that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs

Cystic fibrosis

a progressive, inherited genetic disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other organs

Emphysema

a chronic, progressive lung disease and a major form of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Diastolic pressure

The arterial blood pressure during ventricular relaxation

Endocardium

The endothelial membrane lining the interior of the heart

Epicardium

visceral layer of a serous membrane that tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is actually part of the heart wall

Expiration

The act of expelling air from the lungs

Expiratory reserve volume

the additional, voluntary amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal, passive tidal volume expiration

Humoral immunity

Immunity provided by antibodies released by senitized B cells and their plasma cell progeny

Innate defense system

Neutral defenses that protect against all four material, not specifically for any one antigen

Inspiration

The drawing of air into the lungs; inhalation

Inspiratory reserve volume

Amount of Air that can be forcibly inhaled in addiction to tidal volume

IRDS

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome, a breathing disorder in premature babies caused by a lack of lung surfactant

Lingual tonsils

Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Lymphatics vessels

a network of thin, valved tubes that transport lymph—a clear fluid containing white blood cells, waste, and excess tissue fluid

Lymph nodes

bean-shaped organs, removing bacteria, viruses, and abnormal cells

Lymphocytes

White blood cells formed in the bone marrow that mature in the lymphoid tissue

Lymphoid organs

Organs in the emphatic system, including lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils

Mediastinum

The region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that houses the heart

Myocardium

The cardiac muscle lay of the heart

Nodal system

consists of specialized cardiomyocytes—the sinoatrial (SA) nodeand atrioventricular (AV) node—that initiate and regulate the heart's electrical impulses

Palatine tonsils

Pair of tonsils flanking the oropharynx

Passive immunity

Short lived immunity, resulting from the introduction of donated antigen bodies obtained from immune animal or human donor

Pathogen

Disease causing microorganism

Pharyngeal tonsils

Single tonsil, located in the nasopharynx

Pericardium

the serous membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity and covering the surfaces of the abdominal organs

Residual volume

air remaining in the lungs after exhalation that cannot be voluntarily exhaled

Respiration

The process of supplying the body with oxygen to remove and carbon dioxide

Semicircular valves

valves that prevent blood return to the ventricles after contraction; see pulmonary valve and aortic valve

SIDS

The sudden, unexpected, and unexplained death of an otherwise healthy infant under one year of age, usually occurring during sleep

Sleep apnea

an anatomical issue where the airway collapses or is blocked by soft tissue, such as the tongue or throat muscles, during sleep

Surfactant

a chemical substance coating the pulmonary alveoli walls that reduces surface tension, thus preventing collapse of the alveoli after expiration.

systolic pressure

measures the maximum force exerted by blood against artery walls when the heart’s left ventricle contracts and pumps blood

Tidal volume

amount of air inhaled or exhaled with a normal breath

Ventricles

Discharging chambers of the heart

Vital capacity

the volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs by forcible expiration after the deepest inspiration; total exchangeable air.