Chapter 4 Flashcards

Adams- Onis Treaty (1819)

Minister Onís and Secretary Adams reached an agreement whereby Spain ceded East Florida to the United States and renounced all claim to West Florida

Chief Justice John Marshall

He asserted the judiciary's authority to expound the Constitution as paramount law and to hold the other branches accountable to that law.

Cohens v. Virginia (1821) 

Virginia lost in that Judge Marshal made it so that the federal Supreme Court had the right to review any decision involving powers of the federal government.

Dorr War

an attempt by disenfranchised residents to force broader democracy in the U.S. state of Rhode Island, where a small rural elite was in control of government. It was led by Thomas Wilson Dorr, who mobilized the disenfranchised to demand changes to the state's electoral rules

Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

Supreme Court first ruled a state law unconstitutional. The decision created a growing precedent for the sanctity of legal contracts and hinted that Native Americans did not hold complete title to their own lands.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States which held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, which is granted to the US Congress by the Commerce Clause of the US Constitution, encompasses the power to regulate navigation

Henry Clay’s American System

consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture.

Hartford Convention (1815)

a series of meetings from December 15, 1814, to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which New England leaders of the Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power.

Hudson River School

a mid-19th-century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by Romanticism.

Lowell-Waltham System

a labor and production model employed during the rise of the textile industry in the United States, particularly in New England, during the rapid expansion of the Industrial Revolution in the early 19th century.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland (1824)

The court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government. Marshall ruled in favor of the Federal Government and concluded, “the power to tax involves the power to destroy."

Monroe Doctrine

forbidding European powers from colonizing additional territories in the Americas.

Nullification

the constitutional theory that individual states can invalidate federal laws or judicial decisions they deem unconstitutional

Nullification Crisis

confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832–33 over the former's attempt to declare null and void within the state the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832

Protective Tariff

a tariff intended primarily to protect domestic producers rather than to yield revenue.

Quasi War (1798-1800)

an undeclared naval war fought from 1798 to 1800 between the United States and the French First Republic. a limited naval war against French privateers who were seizing U.S. shipping in the Caribbean. The Quasi-War is significant as the first seaborne conflict for the newly established U.S. Navy.

Revolution of 1800

the Democratic-Republican Party candidate, Vice President Thomas Jefferson, defeated the Federalist Party candidate, incumbent president John Adams. The election was a political realignment that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican leadership.

Second Great Awakening

American Protestant Christians' beliefs changed during the early 19th century. Marked by a wave of enthusiastic religious revivals, abolitionism and temperance.

Second Middle Passage

The forced migration of slaves from the upper south to the lower south of the United States.

Spoils System/ Kitchen Cabinet

a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends (cronyism), and relatives (nepotism) as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party

Tariff of Abominations

Southerners, arguing that the tariff enhanced the interests of the Northern manufacturing industry at their expense

Treaty of 1818

set the boundary between the Missouri Territory in the United States and British North America (later Canada) at the forty-ninth parallel

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

It ended the War of 1812, fought between Great Britain and the United States. For the early decades of the nation's history, relations between the United States and Great Britain remained strained

War of 1812

fought by the United States and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its own indigenous allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

was a landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional.