Language, Health, Population and Environment

What is communication?

Giving, receiving or exchanging information, ideas or opinions to another party

What does complete communication require?

Sender who speaks or sends a message, a receiver who listens and gives feedbck

What are the characteristics of language

Discreteness, grammar, productivity, displacement

What is discreteness

A set of units that can be combines to create new ideas

Phonemes

Unit of sound

Morphemes

Unit of visual symptom

Words

Smallest meaningful unit

What is productivity/generativity

Ability to use language to create an infinite number of messages

What is displacement

the ability to talk about things that are not right in front of you

What are things that languages are not required to have?

Written language, proper grammar, thought

What are the types of thought?

Imaginal, motoric and propositional

That is imaginal thought

Image in mind with its own knowledge

What is motoric thought

Mental representation of motor movement

What is propositional thought

Statement that express concepts

What is the structure of language

Sound, phoneme, morpheme, word, sentence

What is prosody

Pitch, stress, intonation and rhythm of speech

Babies can do what at 1 y/o

Distinguish phonetic units from sound including prosody

Babies can do what at 2 y/o

Know 50 words and develop grammatical understanding

Babies can do what at 3 y/o

Know 1,000 words and form long adult-like sentences

What can babies do at 6 months

Produce vowel-like sounds and babble (consonant vowel soudn)

What can babies do at 1-2 y/o

Learn language specific patterns of speech to the native language

What is the sensitive period for infants?

Between 8-10 months

What is the variability problem?

Phoneme context, emotion and prosody can change the tone and frequency of the same word

What is the segmentation problem?

Speech cannot be segmented clearly

What is aphasia?

Impairment of language/language abilities

Where is the Broca’s area

Left inferior frontal gyrus

Where is the Wernicke’s area

Left posterior superior temporal gyrus

What is the Wernicke Geschwind model?

Circuit that connects the Wernicke and Brocas area with the arcuate fasciculus

What is the left side of the brain responsible for?

Language and complex motor tasks

What is the right side of the brain responsible for?

Attention, visual-spatial skill, emotion, music perception

What does the right side of the brain do in terms of language?

Intonation, stress, pitch and conveying emotion

What is amusia?

Difficulty recognizing sounds as music, monotonal

Where is musical perception governed and why?

In the left hemisphere (Wernicke) because it is like a lanuage

What does the dorsal (sensorimotor) stream map

Sound to articulation

What does the ventral (sensoriperceptual) stream map

Sound to meaning

What is nonfluent/Broca’s aphasia

Can understand, can’t speak

What is fluent/Wernicke’s aphasia

Can’t understand and can’t speak

What is the functionalist perspective?

Cultural traits are the stabilizing element in culture

What is the conflict theorist perspective?

Common culture may exist but it serves to maintain privilege of some groups

What is Parson’s theory

Physicians are the gatekeepers for the sick, views doctor-patient relationship like parent-child

What is the interactionist perspective

Focuses on the roles played by HCP and patients, nature of provider-patient contact can reduce quality of care

What is the labelling perspective

health and illness (definition) involves social definition

What is the labelling theory

Some behaviors that were considered mental illness may not be

What is the medical model?

Biological causes that can be treated through medical pratice

What is the pre-transition stage?

high birth rate and death rate with little population growth

What is the transition stage

Declining death rates

What is the post transition stage

Low birth rates and death rates with little population growth