ANSC 1401 EXAM 1

stallion

sexually mature, male horse (stud)

colt

sexually immature, male horse

mare

sexually mature, female horse (above 4 years)

filly

sexually immature, female horse (less than 2 years)

gelding

male horse castrated (best thing to do for a male) before reaching sexual maturity

foal

a young male or female horse until weaned at 4-6 months of age

equine

refers to horses, species name (between donkeys/horses)

jack

male donkey

jennet

(jenny) female donkey

mule

offspring of a mare mated to a jack; Jack x Mare

hinny

offspring of a jenny mated to a stallion; Stallion x Jennet

stud

place where stallions are housed/breeding operation

hand

unit of measure (4 in.) for height of horses

walk

4-beat lateral gait

1) left hind

2) left fore

3) right hind

4) right fore

trot

2-beat diagonal gait, all four feet are off the ground= balance gait, riding gait

pace

2-beat lateral gait

canter

(lope, gallop) 3-beat gait (left leg lead) in english entire

running walk

4-beat gait that is faster than the ordinary walk= causing horse to race

light horse breeds

14.2 hands and over, 900-1200+ lb., "hot=blooded (temperament)"; riding breeds; small bones and thin legs

american quarter horse

light horse breed:

"fearless champion;" most popular breed of horse; originated in America; American Quarter Horse Association- AQHA; uses: racing, cutting- some are very agile, fastest in the quarter mile; always a solid color; can register 1/2 Quarter horse and 1/2 Thoroughbred

AQHA

largest horse breed association in the world with the most promotional information

arabian

light horse breed:

light-muscled and light boned; came from desert areas of the Far East (Egypt); speed, stamina (endurance), dished face (gibber), longer and arched neck, flat croup; variety of colors; uses: endurance and competitive trail rides

thoroughbred

light horse breed:

foundation stock for the Quarter Horse, Morgan and Standardbred breeds; uses: racing, hunters, dressage, polo, three-day events

morgan

light horse breed:

developed in the New England, Justin Morgan (Thoroughbred X Arabian); 2 types: english pleasure and stock

standardbred

light horse breed:

similar in conformation but smaller than the Thoroughbred; originated in America; only breed that recognizes pacers (2-beat lateral gait), "standard for speed in sulky races" a) trot a mile in 2:30 minutes or less b) pace a mile in 2:25 minutes or less; uses: sulky racing in endurance and fitness events

America Saddlebred/American Saddle Horse

light horse breed:

developed in kentucky as a plantation horse, known for ease of riding; 2 types: 3-gaited- walk, trot, canter gaits b) 5-gaited- slow gait and rack gaits

tennessee walking horse

light horse breed:

originated in middle tennessee valley; known for easy riding (much leg action). hind foot over: reaches the front footprint

american paint horse

breed registries with color requirements:

fastest growing breed in numbers today; Quarter horse with too much white, must have one spot above the legs larger than a silver dollar; Sire and dam must be paint, Quarter horse or Thoroughbred

overo

color patterns/types of spotting:

white spots do not cross the back

tobiano

color patterns/type of spotting:

white crosses the back

tovero

color patterns/type of spotting:

combination of tobiano and over characteristics

ex. blue eyes

american pinto

breed registries with color requirements:

indian war horses; similar color requirements to American Paint Horse; can be any breed type; no Appaloosa or draft blood allowed

appaloosa

breed registries with color requirements:

developed by New Perce Indians; color characteristics: white sclera, skin is mottled with an irregular spotting, hooves are striped vertically; 2 color patterns: blanket and leopard; uses: racing, noted for endurance and sure-footedness

palomino

breed registries with color requirements:

golden in color with white mane; skin must be black, dark or mouse-colored; must have 15% or fewer dark hairs, a lightened sorrel color; can be registered with other breed associations

american buckskin

breed registries with color requirements:

eligible for registry if these colors:

1) buckskin- light, golden

2) dun- smutty

3) grulla- mouse color

4) red dun- points redder than body

stamina and hardy

draft horses

1,500- 2,000 lb.; 14.2- 17.2 hands; large bones and think; war horses

percheron

draft horse:

originated in France; black or gray or a combination; no feathering; much knee and hock action

clydesdale

draft horse:

the Budweiser horses; originated in Scotland; feathered legs- disease problems; white face, sorrel or bay color

belgian

draft horse:

originated in Belgium, most massive of the draft horses; known for size and strength

shire

draft horse:

originated in England; tallest of the draft breeds

suffolk

draft horse:

originated in England; chestnut color- breeds completely true for color

pony breeds

<14.2 hands, <800 lbs.

welsh

pony breed:

originated in Wales; ideal for young children; uses: work, athletic

pony of americas

pony breed:

(POA) Shetland stallion bred to Appaloosa mare or reciprocal cross; must have Appaloosa coloring

shetland

pony breed:

11.2 hands maximum; originated in the Shetland Islands (near Scotland)- cold, damp; used in coal mines; good pony for kids, can be short-tempered and stubborn

miniature horses

NOT ponies; pets, in circuses, expensive; no breeds, all colors, good temperament; maximum height 32-34 in.

paso fino

other breed horses:

South American origin

lipizzan

other breed horses:

(or Lipizzaner) gray (with age)→ white; from Lippiza, the imperial Austrian stud farm; warmblood

T

T/F:

many other breeds of horses are in existence around the world and are less important in the U.S.

gray variations

color?

bay variations

color?

chestnut/sorrel variations

color?

black

color?

brown

color?

roan

color?

ram (buck)

intact (uncastrated) male sheep, any age

ram lamb

intact male sheep less than about 1 year of age

ewe

female sheep, any age (2 nipples)

ewe lamb

female sheep less than 1 year of age

lamb

offspring of sheep of either sex, less than about 1 year of age (look at teeth); joint breaks

wether

male sheep castrated before reaching sexual maturity

ovine

refers to sheep; species name

wool

fibers produced by sheep (not all sheep)

flock

a group of sheep

fleece

wool produced from one sheep (1 year)

dock

to remove the tail of a sheep; area around the tail

mutton

meat obtained from a mature sheep greater than 1 year of age; joint doesn't break

lanolin

oily substance obtained from wool that is used in cosmetics and ointments

adaptability

traits of sheep:

must be able to produce under conditions in which they are raised; can stand dramatic things such as weather and parasites (stomach worms)

prolificacy

traits of sheep:

number of lambs born per ewe

growth rate

traits of sheep:

faster growing lambs

carcass merit

traits of sheep:

2 tissues= muscle and fat (=liability); can change fat through feeding

fleece traits

traits of sheep:

grease fleece weight, clean fleece weight (10th inch back fat, 1/2 weight= dirt, grease), staple length (how long wool is (long= better/impacts weight); grade (fineness or diameter= how fine wool is/soft) finer fiber= higher $ per lb.

fine-wool sheep breeds

(primarily for wool production) white in color (absence of black/brown fiber); rams can be either horned or polled; advantages: wool quality and quantity, hardiness, adaptability to range conditions, out-of-season breeding (breed in western US); slow growth rate; optional castrated

rambouillet

fine-wool sheep breed:

France; horned (=harder to handle) or polled rams; dominate in numbers in the US; pink nostrils; low productive rate

merino

fine-wool sheep breed:

(delaine) Spain; major breed in Australia and New Zealand (spanish breed); finest wool (have more body folds); can be horned, heavy great weight; basis for the Rambouillet

debouillet

fine-wool sheep breed:

Rambouillet x Merino; good sheep= functional sheep; similar to the Rambouillet

long-wool sheep breeds

originated in Great Britain, England; 6 in→ 1 ft. of wool per year; very long, coarse wool; advantages: 14-16 lb./sheep/yr.; long staple, high-yielding fleeces

lincoln

long-wool sheep breed:

big sheep= more wool/length

cotswold

long-wool sheep breed:

little low performing sheep

leicester

long-wool sheep breed:

important in Europe for breeding; bare-legged/silk headed

romney

long-wool sheep breed:

shorter staple; genetic resistance; no foot rod, black nostrils, dark pigmentation; wool is more open

crossbred or medium-wool sheep breed

crossing a fine-wool breed with a long wool breed

columbia

crossbred or medium-wool sheep breed:

originated in Wyoming; crossing Lincoln rams with Rambouillet ewes; all polled; big sheep, long fleeces; most important

corriedale

crossbred or medium-wool sheep breed:

originated in New Zealand (less in US); crossing Lincoln rams with Merino ewes; dark footed= hooves, faces

targhee

crossbred or medium-wool sheep breed:

originated in Idaho; crossing Rambouillet with Columbia ewes; 1/4 Lincoln

meat type or medium wool sheep breeds

most originate In England= imported sheep (not in US); advantages: fast-growing

suffolk

meat type or medium wool sheep breed:

largest of meat type breeds; black head, ears and legs with no wool on head and legs; impact transitional lamb market scheme

hampshire

meat type or medium wool sheep breed:

black head, ears and legs with wool on head and legs

dorset

meat type or medium wool sheep breed:

white head; breed out of season (spring, summer); higher reproductive; horn/polled; farm folk

southdown

meat type or medium wool sheep breed:

smallest of meat type breeds; dark gray to light brown head, (furry) ears and legs with wool on head and legs (A LOT), black hooves

cheviot

meat type or medium-wool sheep breed:

white head, ears and legs with no wool, erect ears; tough, not good sheep; handle rough environments/bad conditions in England

montadale

meat type or medium-wool sheep breed:

minor breed; originated in the US; crossing Cheviot rams with Columbia ewes

texel

meat type or medium-wool sheep breed: originated in Holland; white head, black nose, little muscular sheep; important meat breed

finnish landrace

other breeds- highly prolific/lightest muscle sheep:

(Finnsheep) white head; excellent milking and mothering ability; disadvantages: small, light-muscled carcasses, tail; low maintenance, high reproductive rate; critical period= 1 week

polypay

other breeds- highly prolific/lightest muscle sheep:

originated in US; crossing Rambouillet, Dorset, Targhee and Finnish Landrace (1/4 each); out-of-season breeding, hardiness (tough), acceptable wool (little value)

booroola-merino

other breeds- highly prolific/lightest muscle sheep:

originated in New Zealand; fine fleeces, small, inbreed; multiple (unique) genes= influence reproductive rate (F gene- responsible)

romanov

other breeds- highly prolific/lightest muscle sheep:

originated in Russia; light gray to black in color; high productive rate; babies= black, bad wool, tough, cross breeding

hair sheep and shedding breeds

advantages: adapted to hot/humid environments, have genetic parasite resistance, good under conditions; well suited to the needs of many ethic groups that buy more lambs in the US market; disadvantages: slow growth rate

dorper

hair sheep and shedding breeds:

originated in South Africa; crossing Dorset and Persian Blackhead (fat-tailed sheep); white body and legs with a black head; the most muscular of all shedding breeds, durable/tough; not a true hair sheep; fastest growing population in US