Chem Notes 1&2

A mixture that is not the same throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is the same throughout.

Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)

Properties that can be measured or observed without changing the composition or identity of the substance.

Physical Properties

Properties that describe the way a substance may change or react to form other substances.

Chemical Properties

A positively charged ion, usually formed by metals.

Cation

A negatively charged ion, usually formed by non-metals.

Anion

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Isotope

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Mass Number (A)

The number of protons in an atom.

Atomic Number (Z)

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

Empirical Formula

The exact number of atoms of each element in an individual molecule.

Molecular Formula

The exact connectivity of the atoms in a molecule.

Structural Formula

Indicates a polyatomic ion with more oxygen than the -ite form.

-ate

Indicates a polyatomic ion with fewer oxygen atoms than the -ate form.

-ite

Uses prefixes (mono, di, tri, etc.) to denote the number of atoms of each element.

Naming Binary Covalent Compounds

A compound that contains carbon, typically in the form CnHm.

Organic Compound

A compound that does not primarily consist of carbon and hydrogen.

Inorganic Compound

A process that involves the transformation of substances through chemical changes.

Chemical Reaction

A method that separates ionized isotopes based on their mass-to-charge ratio to determine relative abundances.

Mass Spectrometry

A table where elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (number of protons).

Periodic Table