[MOD2B - ANATOMY] Upper Limbs Bones_2028

The word clavicul- is Latin for __________

"key"

What is the shape of the clavicle?

s-shaped

The clavicle is the first bone to begin __________

ossification

Where is the most common site of fracture in the clavicle?

at the junction or union of the two curvatures

"The clavicle is subcutaenous and is easily _________ along its entire length"

palpable

The flat lateral end is also called the ___________

acromial extremity

The lateral end articulates with what part of the scapula?

acromion process

The lateral end is _______ anteriorly and ________ posteriorly

concave; convex

The rounded medial end is also called the ___________

sternal extremity

The medial end articulates with what part of the sternum?

clavicular notch of the manubrium

The medial end is _______ anteriorly and ________ posteriorly

convex; concave

"The ___________ is a small, roughened elevation on the inferior surface, near the acromial end"

conoid tubercle

"The ___________ is a prominent ridge found on the lateral one third of the inferior surface "

trapezoid line

The clavicle serves to protect the __________ behind it

neurovascular structures

Scapul is Latin for?

Shoulder blade

Describe the shape of the scapula

Flat, triangular

What is the reason behind scapula being known as "Bone of 3s"?

It has 3 borders, 3 angles, 3 fossae, and 3 processes

To which structure does the scapula articulates with?

Acromial extremity of clavicle and head of humerus

Where is the scapula located?

Posterior chest wall between the second and seventh rib

What is/are the major defining feature/s of scapula?

Its 3 borders (superior, medial, lateral), 3 angles (superior, inferior, lateral), 2 surfaces (dorsal, costal), and 3 large bony processes (spine, acromion, coracoid).

What are the 3 borders of the scapula?

Superior border, Vertebral border (Medial border), AND Axillary border (Lateral border)

What are the 3 angles of the scapula?

Superior angle, Inferior angle, and Lateral angle

What angle of the scapula where glenoid fossa is located?

Lateral angle

What are the 3 processes of the scapula?

Scapular spine, Acromion, and Coracoid process

It is continuous with the acromion process

Scapular spine

Beak-like structure in front of the scapula

Coracoid process

What are the 3 fossa of the scapula?

Supraspinous fossa, Infraspinous fossa, and Subscapular fossa

what fossa is found over the scapular spine?

Supraspinous fossa

what fossa is found Under the scapular spine?

Infraspinous fossa

what fossa is found Beneath the scapular spine?

Subscapular fossa

A place where nerve and arteries will pass through to supply the scapular region

Suprascapular Notch

What is the length of the scapula?

T2-T7

In scapula, __ is same level as Superior Angle

T2

In scapula, __ is same level as Inferior Angle

T7

Short, thin, superior edge of the scapula

Superior border

Located on the lateral aspect of the superior border near the base of the coracoid process

Scapular notch

Long, medial edge of the scapula, located closest to the vertebral column

Medial (vertebral) border

Thickened, lateral edge of the scapula, located closest to the axilla

Lateral (axillary) border

Formed by the junction of the superior and medial borders of the scapula

Superior angle

Formed by the junction of the medial and lateral borders of the scapula and Can be palpated easily in the living subject

Inferior angle

Formed by the junction of the superior and lateral borders and is the Thickest and most complex part of the scapula

Lateral angle

[Dorsal or Costal] Subdivided into two unequal-sized regions by the spine of the scapula

Dorsal (posterior) surface

[Dorsal or Costal] Lies against the posterior aspect of the rib cage and A large part of this surface forms a shallow concavity, the subscapular fossa

Costal (ventral, anterior) surface

Large, triangular ridge that runs laterally from the medial border of the scapula to merge into the acromion process

Spine of the scapula

Broad, flat lateral extension of the spine of the scapula and Provides an articulation with the clavicle the acromioclavicular joint

Acromion

Thick, beaklike structure that projects anterolaterally from the junction of the neck and lateral end of the superior border of the scapula

Coracoid process

Its articulation occurs between the sternal end of the clavicle, the manubrium sterni, and the first costal cartilage, what joint is this

Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint

What type of joint is Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint?

Synovial double-plane joint

Its articulation occurs between the rounded head of the humerus and the shallow, pear-shaped glenoid cavity of the scapula

Glenohumeral (shoulder) Joint

Its articulation occurs between the acromion of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

This bone forms the skeletal framework of the brachium.

Humerus

It is part of the proximal region of the humerus that is rounded and is covered by hyaline cartilage.

Humeral head

The humeral head articulates which structure?

Glenoid fossa

Three stuctures consisting the anatomical neck of the humerus:

Greater tuberosity, Lesser tuberosity, and Intertubercular groove

The deltoid tuberosity articulates which structure?

Deltoid

Structures that is "above the condyle".

Supracodyles

Two supracondylar ridges:

Lateral and medial supracondyle

Fractures that occur in the supracondyle are called?

Supracondylar fractures

Supracondyles will terminate or end into different projections called _______.

Epicondyles

Means "at the side of the condyles".

Epicondyles

Epicondyle that is more prominent and found on the medial side which also illicits electrical shock feeling when stimulated.

Medial epicondyles.

Consists of capitulum and trochlea

Condyles

Part of the condyle that is considered the "head" situated on the lateral side.

Capitulum

Part of the condyle that is considered a "pulley-like" structure situated on the medial side.

Trochlea

Depressions or fossa on top of the condyles.

Fossae

Fossae situated bove the capitulum.

Radial fossa

Which structure is accommodated by the radial fossa during elbow flexion?

Radial head

Action that decreases the angle of the joint.

Flexion

Fossae situated bove the trochlea.

Coronoid fossa

Which structure is accommodated by the coronoid fossa during elbow flexion?

Coronoid process

Big depression found at the back of the humerus.

Olecranon fossa

Which structure is accommodated by the olecranon fossa during elbow extension?

Olecranon process (Olecranon will go inside the olecranon fossa during extension)

Located below the medial epicondyle where the ulnar nerve passes through

Ulnar nerve groove

Nerve is stimulated when you hit the desk.

Ulnar nerve

Which digit is always on the radial side?

Thumb

The _____ is the moving bone during rotation of the forearm; thus the _______ is the "static" bone remaining.

Radius; Ulna

Lateral movement of the wrist joint is limited if it moves towards the radius because it is blocked by what?

Radius Styloid Process

What is the site where the biceps brachii attach?

Radial Tuberosity

At the distal end of the radius, what is the palpable structure?

Radius Styloid Process

What is the palpable structure behind the distal end of the humerus?

Lister's Tubercle

True of False: The ulnar notch is part of the ulna.

False. It is part of the radius

It is a stabilizing bone of the forearm and the medial.

ULNA

Ulna is also known as ____ bone. When rotation of the forearm happens, it will stay in place.

STATIC

What are the two processes that makes up Trochlear notch?

CORONOID PROCESS & OLECRANON PROCESS

TRUE OR FALSE. The head of ulna is on the proximal part.

FALSE. Ulna is the opposite of the radius. The ulnar head is on the distal part.

What part of the ulna attaches to the ulnar notch of the radius?

ULNAR HEAD

The easily palpable proximal end of ulna that forms the "point" of the elbow. It is the insertion site of the triceps brachii muscle.

OLECRANON

The anterior projection forming the inferior end of the hooklike proximal end of the ulna.

CORONOID PROCESS

A large, crescent-shaped notch on the anterior aspect of the proximal end of the ulna. It is formed by the articular surfaces of the olecranon and coronoid process and articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

TROCHLEAR NOTCH

The shallow, smooth notch on the lateral aspect of the cornoid process, immediately distal to the trochlear notch. It is the articular surface for the head of the radius.

RADIAL NOTCH

The anterior, distal, roughened aspect of the coronoid process. This serves as the insertion area of the brachialis muscle.

ULNAR TUBEROSITY

The elongated midportion of the ulna.

BODY (SHAFT)

Provides more space for movement. Its projection is more prominent on the lateral side.

ULNAR STYLOID PROCESS

The lateral border of the shaft forms a sharp crest for the attachment of the interosseous membrane.

INTEROSSEOUS BORDER

It is the small, rounded distal end of the ulna and has an articular surface on its lateral side for contact with the ulnar notch of the radius.

HEAD

A small projection from the posterolateral, distal end of the ulna.

STYLOID PROCESS

A force applied from behind fractures the shaft of the ulna.

MONTEGGIA'S FRACTURE

True or False: The carpal bones is concave posteriorly and concave anteriorly

FALSE (It is convex posteriorly and concave anteriorly)

Which proximal carpal bone is found sitting at the top of the triquetrum?

Pisiform

What is the concavity that is formed by the carpal bones so tendons and nerves from the forearm cann pass through to reach the wrist and hand area?

carpal tunnel