APUSH Unit 8

Cold War

Hostility between two powers through ideological struggle rather than warfare.

Nations in Cold War

US and Soviet Union

US Ideology

Democratic Capitalism

Soviet Ideology

Authoritarian Communism

Causes of Cold War

Russian Revolution and postwar disagreements

Russian Revolution

Turned Russia Communist

Postwar disagreements

Fights between future of eastern European counties

Henry Wallace

Called Out US Hypocricy

US Hypocricy

spreading through Latin America

Nuclear Weapons - US

Kept secret from Soviets

Nuclear Weapons - Soviets

Demanded all be destroyed

George Kennan

Created idea of Containment

Containment

Prevent spread of communism through financial efforts

Execution of Contaiment

Truman Doctrine

Truman Doctrine

US provides economic aid to any democratic country threatened by communism

Cold War Alliances

NATO and Warsaw Pact

NATO

Treaty between US and democratic European Countries

Warsaw Pact

Made in response to NATO - opposite of NATO

Marshall Plan

13 billion in loans to rebuild western Europe

Germany and Berlin

Split into East and West

East Berlin

Underdeveloped and poor

West Berlin

Developed and recovered

Causes of Berlin Airlift

East Berliners moving west and Soviet Blockade

Definition of Berlin Airlift

US and British planes dropping tons of supplies to Berliners

Definition of Proxy Wars

Groups fighting backed by countries with similar Ideologies

Examples of Proxy Wars

Vietnam and Korea

Hydrogen Bombs

Mutual destruction of the world

Problems from Korean War

Truman did not get approval from Congress for war

Approved war for Truman

United Nations

Results of Korean War

Standstill and increased executive power

Periods of Conflict

Korea, Vietnam, and Cuban Missile Crisis

Causes of Cuban Missile Crisis

Nuclear Missiles in Cuba

How the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved

Solved through Diplomacy

Periods of Peace

Richard Nixon and SALT I

Definition of SALT I

Nixon and Brezhnev agreed to limit nuclear arms

Results of SALT I

Lesser chance of Nuclear War

Causes of the First Red Scare

Russian Revolution - Russia now Communist

Focuses of the First Red Scare

Suppressing dissent and disloyal citizens

Causes of the Second Red Scare

Fears of Communist infiltration

Focuses of the Second Red Scare

Eradication of Communists in US

Executive Order 9835

Investigated 2+ million federal Employees for communist ties

Causes of Executive Order 9825

Russian Spies in Government Programs

Targets of the Lavender Scare

Gay and Lesbian Employees

Why the Lavender Scare happened

Homosexuals were risks of blackmail

Targets of Second Red Scare

Private Sectors and Federal Employees

Private Sectors Investigated

Hollywood - could influence public opinion

House Un-American Activities Committee

Publicly investigated members of film industry

The Hollywood Ten

Blacklisted from Hollywood for not Cooperating

McCarthyism

Suspicions of Communist infiltration

Joseph McCarthy

Republican Senator - made claims of communist infiltration

Investigation of McCarthy

No evidence of his claims found

Results of McCarthy’s investigation

McCarthy attacked head of investigative committee - lost his seat

McCarthy’s Future

Made more claims - found false - censured from Senate

Results of McCarthyism

Anti communist policies stayed - sensationalism died