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Cold War
Hostility between two powers through ideological struggle rather than warfare.
Nations in Cold War
US and Soviet Union
US Ideology
Democratic Capitalism
Soviet Ideology
Authoritarian Communism
Causes of Cold War
Russian Revolution and postwar disagreements
Russian Revolution
Turned Russia Communist
Postwar disagreements
Fights between future of eastern European counties
Henry Wallace
Called Out US Hypocricy
US Hypocricy
spreading through Latin America
Nuclear Weapons - US
Kept secret from Soviets
Nuclear Weapons - Soviets
Demanded all be destroyed
George Kennan
Created idea of Containment
Containment
Prevent spread of communism through financial efforts
Execution of Contaiment
Truman Doctrine
Truman Doctrine
US provides economic aid to any democratic country threatened by communism
Cold War Alliances
NATO and Warsaw Pact
NATO
Treaty between US and democratic European Countries
Warsaw Pact
Made in response to NATO - opposite of NATO
Marshall Plan
13 billion in loans to rebuild western Europe
Germany and Berlin
Split into East and West
East Berlin
Underdeveloped and poor
West Berlin
Developed and recovered
Causes of Berlin Airlift
East Berliners moving west and Soviet Blockade
Definition of Berlin Airlift
US and British planes dropping tons of supplies to Berliners
Definition of Proxy Wars
Groups fighting backed by countries with similar Ideologies
Examples of Proxy Wars
Vietnam and Korea
Hydrogen Bombs
Mutual destruction of the world
Problems from Korean War
Truman did not get approval from Congress for war
Approved war for Truman
United Nations
Results of Korean War
Standstill and increased executive power
Periods of Conflict
Korea, Vietnam, and Cuban Missile Crisis
Causes of Cuban Missile Crisis
Nuclear Missiles in Cuba
How the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved
Solved through Diplomacy
Periods of Peace
Richard Nixon and SALT I
Definition of SALT I
Nixon and Brezhnev agreed to limit nuclear arms
Results of SALT I
Lesser chance of Nuclear War
Causes of the First Red Scare
Russian Revolution - Russia now Communist
Focuses of the First Red Scare
Suppressing dissent and disloyal citizens
Causes of the Second Red Scare
Fears of Communist infiltration
Focuses of the Second Red Scare
Eradication of Communists in US
Executive Order 9835
Investigated 2+ million federal Employees for communist ties
Causes of Executive Order 9825
Russian Spies in Government Programs
Targets of the Lavender Scare
Gay and Lesbian Employees
Why the Lavender Scare happened
Homosexuals were risks of blackmail
Targets of Second Red Scare
Private Sectors and Federal Employees
Private Sectors Investigated
Hollywood - could influence public opinion
House Un-American Activities Committee
Publicly investigated members of film industry
The Hollywood Ten
Blacklisted from Hollywood for not Cooperating
McCarthyism
Suspicions of Communist infiltration
Joseph McCarthy
Republican Senator - made claims of communist infiltration
Investigation of McCarthy
No evidence of his claims found
Results of McCarthy’s investigation
McCarthy attacked head of investigative committee - lost his seat
McCarthy’s Future
Made more claims - found false - censured from Senate
Results of McCarthyism
Anti communist policies stayed - sensationalism died