Unit 2: 1607-1754

Spanish Colonization

Wanted wealth, land, and the spread of christianity. Farmed tobacco, sugar, coffee, gold, and silver.

French Colonization

Wanted wealth, trade, and to spread religion. Traded furs, fished. Intermarriages used to secure trade relationships.

Jesuit Missionaries

French Catholic missionaries who tried to save Indians for Christ and from fur-trappers.

Dutch Colonization

Created New Amsterdam (New York City), wanted trade for furs, focused on shipping and banking. Little connection to the natives there.

English Colonization

Wanted wealth, land, and religious freedom. Had joint-stock companies, funded colonies, and farmed tobacco, timber, and furs. Friendly with natives at first, but tension for more land led to conflict, as there was less available land in England.

Enclosure Movement

The 18th century privatization of common lands in England.

Chesapeake Colonies

Virginia and Maryland, known for tobacco, under royal charter. Full of wealthy planters, indentured servitude, and enslaved africans.

House of Burgesses

the first elected legislative assembly in the New World, established in Virginia, 1619.

Mayflower Compact

The first agreement for self-government in America, set up the government for the Plymouth colonies.

Congragationalists

Puritans, purify church of England

subsistance farming

farmers produced just enough food for themselves and family

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

Caribbean/Carolinas

Farmed Tobacco, rice, sugar, and indigo. Anglican. Had Proprietary charters

Proprietary Charter

People were given grants of land, appointed their own government, with less control by King in certain colonies.

Middle Colonies

Farmed wheat, barley, and corn. Pennsylvania was founded by quakers. Very diverse and religiously tolerant.

Mercantilism

an economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests, protected trade.

Navigation Acts

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.

Bacon's Rebellion

A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land.

Natural Rights

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

Social Contract Theory

A voluntary agreement between the government and the governed

Great Awakening

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.

New and Old Lights

New Lights- People who defended the Great Awakening

Old Lights- People who saw the Great Awakening as dangerous nonsense

cash crop

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower.

Triangular Trade

A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa

Order of Colonization of Colonies

Virginia, New York, Massachusetts, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia