MUH 222 Test TWO Review

This musical example shows how Pregolisi what? A)Lots of syllables and fast notes B) Much slower rhythms

This shows: different meloldic ideas to portray shifting ideas and moods.

In opera seria, action progresses through what?

Recitatives

Most of William Billings ' compositions were plain tunes, but later collections feature tunes that open with a sylabic and homophonic section that repeats that passage in free imitation and close with voices again in homophony; these are known as?

Fuging Tunes

Which was the first book published in N. America

Bay Psalm Book - Hymnal

Why did some writers argue that vocal music was superior?

Vocal music appeals to the intellect - music with text

T/F Published music for chamber ensemble or often vocal ensemble with keyboard was often performed by amateurs in domestic settings.

True

T/F Metrical psalm singing was one of the central elements of calvinist worship in N. England

True

The intellectual movement known as _____ was based on themes of reason, nature, and progress

The Enlightenment

Example of Mozart - Short Answer, LH/RH piano piece - In the left hand what is the technique? And briefly define the technique.

Alberti Bass - an arppeggiation that goes low, high, middle, high

Riternello's structure resembles that of what type of instrumental form?

Concerto Grosso

Which of the following baroque genres remained in use throughout the classical era?

Concerto

Who was the first composer to write symphonies with 4 movements?

Stamitz

Which of these genres is not a predecessor to the symphony?

String Quartet

Which genre/ ensemble was invented in the early classical period?

String Quartet

Of the following, which is considered for private consumption?

Keyboard Sonata

Which composer was known for writing in infitzamers style?

CPE Bach

Which instrument is not included in the 18th-century symphony orchestra?

Trombone

Why were keyboard sonatas common in the 18th century?

Growth and interest in amateur music

T/F Soloist improvised their own cadenzas in the 18th Century

True

T/F The expressive advantage of the pianoforte was the range of dynamics, whereas the harpsichord was either loud or soft.

True

What was the most common keyboard genre in the early classical era

The Sonata

Which instrument does not perform in a string quartet

The Bass

What is a schertzo

Joking fast movement

The sturn unt drang style was the primary source for what aspect of Haydn's music

Heightened agitated sentiment and abrupt dynamics

Why is Haydn the father of the symphony?

Set standards and patterns that later composers emulated

The 2nd movement of a Haydn symphony looks like?

Slow and lyrical

The string Quertet is often compared to

A conversation between instruments

Haydn’s The Creation was designed to be sung in 2 languages. What were the 2 languages?

German and English

The 3rd movement of Haydn's piano concertos was in what form?

Rondo form

All of the following are aspects of Haydn's musical style except:

Unconventional formal structure

T/F Haydn and Mozart admired and influenced each other

True

T/F Mozart's travels as a youth were important because they allowed him to absorb and later synthesize every kind of music being written in Western Europe

True

List the 3 sections of sonata allegro form in order, then list 2 optional sections that Haydn and other composers often used to open and close the form

Exposition

Development

Recapulation

Introduction

Coda or Cadenza

What was the division of Beethoven's life into 3 periods?

Early, Middle, and Late

From 1792-94, with whom did Beethoven study with?

Haydn

Beethoven initially attracted favorable attention from the audience through what?

His incredible piano playing

The heroic narrative in Beethoven's 5th Symphony is conveyed through what?

Parallel minor to major - C minor to C major

What is the nickname of Beethoven's 6th symphony, and what do the movements represent?

Pastoral Symphony

Cheerful feelings upon arriving in the countryside

Scene by the brook

Merry gathering of county folk

Thunderstorm

Shepherd song

T/F Despite contemporary recognition of its importance, much of Beethoven's music remained incomprehensible to audiences and players after his death

True

Beethoven's Symphony Number 3 is titled what?

Eroica Symphony

In several works by Beethoven, including the 5th symphony, the third movement is not a minute and trio but what?

scherzo and trio

T/F The Florentine Camerata was the think tank that set wheels in motion for opera to begin at the beginning of the Baroque era

True

Years for the Baroque Period

1600-1750

T/F Haydn wrote over 100 symphonies. Some early ones are only 3 movements, but he added a 4th movement after a while

True

How many symphonies did Beethoven compose?

9

T/F In addition to his 41 comp symphonies, Mozart was also known as a prolific opera composer.

True

T/F In addition to his 41 prolific symphnoies beethoven was also known as a prolific opera composer?

False

Years for the Classical Era

1750-1820

T/F Pergolisi and CPE Bach were bridge composers from the Baroque and Classical periods

True

Mass in B minor

JS Bach

Messiah

Handel

Four Seasons

Vivaldi

Vespers of 1610

Monteverdi

In which period would you most likely hear a harpsichord?

Baroque

In which period would you most likely hear a pianoforte?

Classical

Which of the following helped stimulate music publications, opera houses, and publications?

Capitalism

What is the primary purpose of the basso continuo part?

a. to provide a solid, unwavering harmonic framework and structural foundation for a composition

The practice of basso continuo reflects what trend that occurred around 1600?

Increase in melody and bass lines that increase in homophony made a huge difference

Opera originated around what year?

1600

Which group intently studied the ancient Greek writings?

The Florentine camerata (aka the Italians)

What was the first opera?

Dafne, Peri/Rinucinni?

Practice of creating castrati because?

Women were not allowed to perform in operas or choirs due to societal roles, so castrati were created to cover the soprano voice

Galileo's father (name) argued that which musical technique created contradictory impressions and obscured the meaning of a text?

Polyphony

What's more complex homophony, monophony or polyphony

polyphony

Roman operas in the 1620s contributed to what important change in the genre of opera?

Distinct difference between recitatives and arias

Recitatives are more rhythmic and dialogue driven, while arias are more melodic, emotional solos

T/F During the 1600s rulers, cities, and aristocratic families often supported the arts as a way to compete for prestige.

True

What is the dominant texture in early baroque music?

Homophony

T/F During the baroque era the musical score was regarded as an outline that could be altered, added to or adapted.

True

T/F Opera combines poetry, drama, scenery, costumes, stage action, and continuous or nearly continuous music.

True

T/F Early opera composers blended current musical genres w ideas about ancient greek music and plays

True

Is an example of what type of piece and list two reasons for your answers

Thoroughbass or basso continuo

The text of an opera is referred to as what

A Liberetto

What is ground bass?

A musical technique featuring a short, reoccurring bass line or phrase

What is a ritornello?

A reoccurring musical passage typically played by the full ensemble in baroque music

Which composer studied in Italy then established Germany as a center of musical activity in Europe?

Heinrich Shütz

What is the primary aim of church music in the 17th century?

Emotional expression, clarity of text, dramatic moving of affections

The steele antiquo (old style) was associated primarily with which musical technique?

Counterpoint

What type of work sets the story of Jesus’ crucifixion?

Passion

Monteverdi, Gabrielli and Grandi were all associated with what institution, specifically what church?

St. Marks

T/F In the 1600s, French air de coup (?) were sometimes performed during ballets.

True

T/F The repeating bass patterns used by early baroque composers built upon well established musical traditions.

True

List three ways in which an oratorio differs from an opera.

Oratorios are unstaged, they are designed as a merge between religious narrative and music, and in an oratorio the emphasis is on music whereas in opera the emphasis is on the visual aspect (actors, costumes, scenery, etc)

How did gabrielli take advantage of the architecture of st marks church in venice in his motets and sacred concerti?

Gabrielli developed the cori spezzati technique and wrote lots of polychoral music due to his ability to position musicians in opposing locations due to the split choir lofts.

During the early 1600s a piece of an improvisatory style was often called a what

Toccatta - Organ Compositions

How did the French approach ornamentation differently from that of musicians in other countries?

They were used profusely, frowned upon, notated, absent etc

Why was Corelli called the first major composer whose reputation rested exclusively on instrumental music?

He developed sonata form and the progression of functional harmony in instrumental music

What was one cultural reason for the establishment of the collegium musicum

During this era mature music became more part of social life in and out of the home

Composers fragment a hymn tune and develop it through various musical techniques in what type of piece?

Chorale fantasia

Three part texture of a trio sonata typically called for how many instruments?

Four

T/F Gabrielli sonata piano de forte was one of the first compositions that designated specific instruments in the printed parts

True

T/F Most church trio sonatas consisted of three movements

FALSE

T/F Corelli was one of the first composers whose instrumental music became standard repertoire; it continued to be performed and reprinted after his death

True

Baroque music employed what ___ to emphasize important notes and give melodies shape?

Ornamentation

Musicians from what country dominated organ music from 1650-1750?

Germany

You hear a tuneful rhythmic piece for a singer in the late 17th century opera you have just heard…?

An aria

What was the leading vocal genre in Italy in the late 17th century?

Opera

By the 1690s, cantatas were compromised of what?

Recitatives and arias

T/F Da capo arias can be found in sacred as well as secular music

True

T/F German music in the 17th century was not influenced by other countries

False

Diagram briefly describe a da capo aria; by the late 1600s what did it usually open with; what did singers typically do in the final section?

ritornello 1, A section, ritornello 2, B section, Da Capo, final ritornello