Endocrine Vocab

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Endocrine glands

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Ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

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Exocrine glands

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Glands that release their secretions via ducts.

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51 Terms

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Endocrine glands

Ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

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Exocrine glands

Glands that release their secretions via ducts.

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Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands that travel through the bloodstream to target cells.

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Feedback loop

A regulatory mechanism where the output of a system affects its input.

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Hypothalamus-Pituitary Axis

An important regulatory system in the endocrine system, involving the hypothalamus in the brain and the pituitary gland.

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Primary disturbance

An endocrine disorder where the problem originates at the gland that directly produces the hormone.

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Secondary disturbance

An endocrine disorder where the problem lies with the stimulating hormones that affect the target gland.

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Pituitary gland

An endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, connected to the hypothalamus.

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Neurohypophysis

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

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Adenoma

A benign tumor.

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Diabetes insipidus

A condition characterized by a deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A hormone that helps regulate fluid balance in the body.

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Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

A condition characterized by an excess of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

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Diuretics

Medications that promote increased urination.

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Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

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Hypothyroidism

A condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland.

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Hyperthyroidism

A condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland.

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Parathyroid glands

Small glands located near the thyroid gland, which produce parathyroid hormone (PTH).

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Hypoparathyroidism

A condition characterized by insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH).

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PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)

A hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood.

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Paresthesia

An abnormal sensation, such as tingling or prickling.

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Tetany

A condition characterized by muscle spasms or cramping.

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Dysrhythmias

Irregular heartbeats.

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Hyperparathyroidism

A condition characterized by excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH).

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Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by weakened bones.

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Renal calculi

Kidney stones.

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Pancreas

An organ that produces hormones like insulin and glucagon, as well as digestive enzymes.

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Islets of Langerhans

Specialized cells within the pancreas that produce hormones.

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Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels.

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Glucagon

A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels.

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Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).

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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

A serious acute complication primarily associated with Type 1 diabetes, characterized by the buildup of ketones in the blood.

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Ketones

Byproducts of fat breakdown.

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Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)

A serious acute complication of diabetes.

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Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar.

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Adrenal cortex

The outer part of the adrenal glands, which produces various steroid hormones.

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Adrenal insufficiency

A condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough adrenal cortex hormones, also known as Addison's disease.

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Addison's Disease

A condition caused by a deficiency of adrenal cortex hormones.

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Glucocorticoid excess

A condition characterized by excessive levels of glucocorticoid hormones, also known as Cushing syndrome.

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Cushing Syndrome

A condition caused by excessive levels of glucocorticoid hormones.

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Cortisol

A glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex.

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Moon face

A characteristic facial appearance in Cushing syndrome, with a rounded face and ruddy color.

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Buffalo hump

A fat pad that can develop between the scapulae in Cushing syndrome.

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Striae

Stretch marks, which can be fragile and present in Cushing syndrome.

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Immune response

The body's defense mechanism against pathogens.

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Erythrocyte production

The production of red blood cells.

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Catabolism

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones.

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Insulin resistance

A condition where the body's cells do not respond normally to insulin.

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Glucose intolerance

A condition where the body has difficulty regulating blood glucose levels.

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Autoimmune reaction

A condition where the body's immune system attacks its own tissues.

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Hypotension

Low blood pressure.