Language Aquisition Devices

Semester 1 Final Test

Imitation and Reinforcement (BF Skinner)

Operant conditioning, child imitates sounds and receives praise and approval.

Language Acquisition Support System (Bruner)

Parents and carers interact, provide naming help, crucial between 2 to 5 years.

Opening Greeting

Conversation starts with a friendly greeting to ease participants into the conversation.

Turn taking

Basis of conversation with statements and responses ,participants take turns.

Adjacency Pairs

Consist of questions/exclamations, followed by a response, indicating the conversational floor holder.

Clashing

When two people start talking simultaneously. Acknowledgment of mistakes is vital.

Repairing

Self correction or correction by another participant for mistakes.

Topic Shift

Conversation is dynamic, spontaneous, and can shift rapidly.

Babbling Stage

Child's early attempts at language, influenced by caregivers and family.

Holophrastic Stage (1 to 2 years)

Initial grammar attempts, increased consonant sounds, lexical development.

Telegraphic Stage (2 to 3 years)

Limited syntax, clearer communication with subject + verb.

Post Telegraphic Stage (3 to 5 years)

Developing language with connecting words, numbers, emotions, and categories.

Halliday's Functions of Language: Instrumental

Language for fulfilling needs.

Regulatory

Language used to influence others.

Interactional

Language for developing social relationships.

Personal

Language expressing personal opinions and identity.

Representational

Language for relaying or requesting information.

Heuristic

Language for exploring and learning about the world.

Imaginative

Language for creativity and imagination.

Innate Language Competence (Chomsky)

Language acquisition device, virtuous errors, innate ability to learn language.

Cognitive Development Theories (Piaget): Sensorimotor Stage

Knowledge acquisition through physical actions and sensations until age 2.

Cognitive Development Theories (Piaget): Preoperational Stage (2 to 5 years)

Child thinks about the world in relation to themselves (egocentric).

Concrete Operational Stage (5 to 11/12 years)

Logical thinking about concrete situations, understanding conservation.

Formal Operational Stage (12+ years)

Abstract thinking and understanding.

Vygotsky's Ideas

Learning through interaction with the environment, scaffolding, importance of educators.

Initiation Response Feedback (IRF)

Pattern of discussion with teacher questions, student responses, and teacher feedback.