AP Euro Topic 5.4 The French Revolution Terms/Names

French Revolution

a rebellion of French people against their king in the late 18th Century

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Louis XVI

French monarch overthrown in the French Revolution.

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Estates General

An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France.

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Marie Antoinette

Queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy;

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bourgeoisie

the wealthy middle class within the Third Estate, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

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National Assembly

First French Revolutionary assembly created by members of the Third Estate to reform France. Issued Declaration of the Rights of Man.

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Bastille Day

July 14th. Celebration in France to celebrate when people stormed the hated fortress that had been a symbol of the king's oppression.

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.

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Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A document, issued by the National Assembly in July 1790, that established a national church system in France with a process for the election of regional bishops. The document angered the pope and church officials and turned many French Catholics against the revolutionaries.

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departments

Divisions of the government in France created by the National Assembly based on geography and designed to break loyalty to local nobility.

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Jacobin

member of a radical political club during the French Revolution who pushed for a Republic and execution of the King.

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Maximilien Robespierre

Revolutionary leader, head of the Committee of Public Safety, who tried to wipe out every trace of France's past monarchy and nobility.

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National Convention

The government of France during the Radical Phase of the French Revolution

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Jean-Paul Marat

Fiery Jacobin in France whose radical newspaper fueled the French Rev. Killed by Charlotte Corday in his bathtub.

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Girondin

Political faction who wanted a Republic, but did not want Louis XVI executed because they thought he would become a martyr

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Reign of Terror

This was the period in France where the Radicals/Jacobin led by Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to control France.

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Committee of Public Safety

Powerful group, led by Robespierre, set up to defeat all enemies of the revolution by sending them to the guillotine.

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Georges Danton

Well-known Jacobin and lawyer eventually executed for being less radical than Robespierre

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levee en mass

Law that obligated all French men between certain ages to enlist in the army during the French Revolution

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Olympe de Gouges

French journalist who published the declaration of rights of women and the female citizens. Executed by the Radicals.

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Society of Revolutionary Women

A group of working class women who wore distinctive red bonnets and vowed to rush to fight for France. Disbanded by the Jacobin.

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Napoleon Bonaparte

Overthrew the French government, the Directory, in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804.

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Abbe Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes

member of the first estate who wrote the pamphlet What is the Third Estate?

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What is the Third Estate?

Pamphlet written by Abbe Sieyes. It declared the nobility to be a useless caste that should be abolished and the commoners were "everything".

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First Estate

Social class consisting of the Roman Catholic Clergy; they received special privileges and paid no direct taxes

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Second Estate

Social class consisting of people with titles of Nobility in France. They had special privileges and paid almost no taxes.

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Third Estate

97% of the population of France. Anyone from rich to poor without a title of nobility and not a member of the clergy. they paid high taxes and had no special privileges

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clergy

Church officials

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Guillotine

A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.

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Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (or death)

Motto of the French Revolution

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