Depression, War and Recovery, 1930-1951

These flashcards cover key information about the causes of the Depression, responses by the government, the social impact on the population, coping mechanisms, and economic changes during the years 1930-1951.

What were the main causes of the Depression in Britain after World War One?

Loss of manpower and resources, obsolete industry, less exports, dependency on imports, high exchange rate, and transition from coal to oil.

What impact did the Wall Street Crash of 1929 have on British unemployment?

Increased unemployment, increasing it to 2.5 million by December 1930.

What were the key features of the National Government's response to the Depression?

Tax increases, salary cuts for public workers, a reduction in unemployment benefits, and securing loans.

What was the purpose of the 1932 Import Duties Act?

To set a tariff on imports to encourage the purchase of British goods.

What was the outcome of the General Strike of 1926?

It was driven by miners demanding nationalisation and modernization of the coal industry.

How did the Means Test affect those seeking unemployment benefits?

It evaluated family income and savings, making it difficult for many to access benefits.

What was the Jarrow Crusade?

A hunger march in 1936 aimed at protesting against mass unemployment and seeking new industry in Jarrow.

How did women cope during the Depression?

By managing household budgets, seeking low-paid work, and sacrificing their own needs for the family.

What industries did light industry refer to during the Depression period?

Industries such as car manufacturing, electrical goods, and textiles using new production techniques.

What role did radio play during the Depression?

Radio provided an affordable source of entertainment, with 75% of households owning one by 1939.

How many people are estimated to have migrated from Wales to England during the Depression?

Over 400,000 people, seeking work in more prosperous areas.

What strategies did the government implement to support Special Areas?

Creation of the Special Areas Act to identify and provide funds for depressed regions, encouraging factory construction.

What were 'hunger marches'?

Protests organized by the National Unemployed Workers' Movement against unemployment and the Means Test.

What social issues were highlighted by John Boyd Orr’s survey in 1936?

A significant portion of the population was undernourished, particularly affecting children.

What significance did cinema have during the Depression?

It served as an affordable leisure activity for the working class, with reduced prices for the unemployed.