Exam 2 - CIS

_____ consist of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and the data needed by those instructions

computer hardware

saves data and programs

storage hardware

only retains data when powered

volatile storage

computers represent data using ____________________ where a bit is either a zero or one

binary digits

RAM, cache memory, CPU register

Volatile

Magnetic Hard Disk (HDD), Solid State Drive (SSD), External Storage

Non-volatile

is the idea that objects are connected to the internet so they can interact with other devices, applications, or services.

Internet of Things (IoT)

is the state of things as they actually exist

reality

alters reality by overlaying digital information on real-world objects

augmented reality (AR)

combines the real physical world with interactive virtual images or objects

Mixed reality (MR)

is a completely computer-generated virtual world with interactive digital objects.

virtual reality (VR)

use a variety of sensors to navigate like a traditional vehicle but without human intervention

self-driving cars

are remotely controlled unmanned aircraft

drones

are machines that are programmed to sense the environment, make decisions, and perform tasks automatically

robots

is information technology designed to provide automated financial services

Financial technology (FinTech)

software that controls a computers resources

operating system

programs that perform a service or function

application software

specialized low-level software installed into the non-volatile memory or various hardware devices to ensure effective, efficient operations

Firmware

provides common capabilities used in a wide-variety of organizations and industries. purchased off the shelf with limited customization

horizontal-market

serves the needs of a specific industry. typically they can be altered or customized by the developer

vertical-market

software is developed for a specific, unique need

one-of-a-kind

written for use on particular OS or device. native apps can have multiple versions supporting various platforms, but they are not interchangeable

native application

designed to run within browser software such as firefox, chrome, safari, or edge on any platform. ideally, web apps can also run within any browser

web application

combines elements of both native and web applications to run on all platforms by common language for core functions wrapped in a native app "shell"

hybrid application

uses a single set of sharable and reusable code to build full apps that can be deployed on different OS/devices

cross-platform application

is the process by which one physical computer hosts many different virtual computers as applications within it. each VM has its operating system and applications running in the same way as they would on dedicated hardware

virtualization

a ___________ is a self-describing collection of integrated records

database

required field that identifies a unique record

primary key (PK)

optional field that defines a relation with another table

foreign key (FK)

is a software program used to create, process, and administer a database

database management system (DBMS)

is an international standard language for processing a database

structured query language (SQL)

is a collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that serves as an intermediary between users and data

database application

view, insert new, update existing, and delete existing data

forms

search using values provided by user

queries

structured data presentation by sorting, grouping, filtering, and other operations

reports

provide security, data consistency, special purpose processing

application programs

large-scale, high-speed centralized computers

mainframe era (1960s - 1980s)

allowed clients to send requests across the internet to servers

Client-server era (1990s - 2000s)

Applications, data, and processing power can be used remotely

cloud computing era (2010s - now)

represents the elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the internet

cloud

automatically adjusts for unpredictable demand, limits financial risks

elastic

same physical hardware, economies of scale

pooled

leased computing resources can be increased or decreased dynamically, programmatically, in a short span of time, and where organization pay for only the resources used

resource elasticity

Cloud resources are ________ because many different organizations use the same physical hardware.

pooled

is a specialized Paas that stores user data in many different geographical locations to store/deliver content that seldom changes on-demand

content delivery network (CDN)

create the appearance of secure connection called a tunnel, which is a virtual, private pathway over a public or shared network

virtual private network (VPN)

are owned and operated by an organization for its own benefit and are located within an organization's private computing infrastructure

private clouds

combine both public and private cloud environment

hybrid clouds

cloud provides like amazon offer _____________ or internet-based cloud services available to anyone

public clouds

is a collection of computers that communicate with one another over transmission lines or wirelessly

computer network

devices connected around a single person

Personal Area Network (PAN)

computers connected at a single physical site

local area network (LAN)

computers connected between two or more separated sites

wide are networks (WAN)

networks to networks

internet

consists of electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, and store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs and software.

computer hardware

every computer has a _____________________ which is sometimes called "the brain" of the computer

central processing unit CPU

A computer with two CPUs is called a ___________ computer

dual-processor

a ________________ computers have four CPUs.

Quad-processor

main memory is sometimes called

RAM (Random Access Memory)

all computers include ________________, which is used to save data and programs

storage hardware

is much faster than traditional magnetic storage because it stores information using nonvolatile electronic circuits

solid-stage-storage (SSD)

are classic computing devices that are used by individuals

personal computers (PC)

examples of a PC

macbook pro

computing device that allow interaction through a flat touch screen

tablets

examples of tablets

iPad, Kindle Fire

a mobile device that combines the functionality of a smartphone with a larger screen of a tablet

phablet

examples of a phablet

iPhone Pro Max

a cell phone with processing capabilities

smartphones

is a computer that is designed to support processing requests from many remote computers and users

server

a large collection of server computers organized to share work and compensate for one another's failures

server farm

Data that will be lost when the computer or device is not powered.

volatile

memory that preserves content even when not powered. you can turn the device off and on and the data will not change

nonvolatile

is the idea that objects are being connected to the internet so they can interact with other devices, applications, or servers

Internet of Things (IoT)

a device that is processing power, memory, and network connectivity, and the ability to interconnect with other devices and applications

smart device

FinTech examples

digital wallets, cryptocurrencies, bitcoin, and block chain.

a contract that stipulates how a program could be used

license

license example

when you buy a macOS license, Apple is selling you the right to use macOS

a license purchased by an organization to equip all the computers on the site with certain software

site license

when referring to languages which means they can be used to create difficult, complex applications and, if used properly, will result in high-performance code that is easy to alter when requirements change

object-oriented

means that the source code of the program is available to the public

open source

is computer code as written by humans and understanble by humans

source code

source code is compiled into ____________ that is processed by a computer. not understandable by humans and can't be modified

machine code

a self-describing collection of integrated records

database

a database table that has multiple columns that are used to represent the attribute of an entity

columns or fields

also called records, groups of columns in a database table

rows

a group of similar rows and records

file

a term that refers to elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the internet

cloud

easily able to respond to incremental growth on demand

scalable

means that leased computing resources can be increased or decreased dynamically, programmatically, in a short span of time and that organizations pay for only the resources they use

elastic

what has pushed companies to switch to the cloud

lower costs, ubiquitous access, improved scalability, and elasticity

When does the cloud not make sense?

those required by law or by industry standard practice to have physical control over their data

the cloud hosting of a bare server computer, data storage, network, and virtualization

infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Hosting of hardware infrastructure and operating system as well as application programs and databases by a vendor.

software as a service (SaaS)

hosting of an operating system, runtime environment, and middleware by a vendor

platform as a service (PaaS)

is a system of hardware and software that stores user data in many different geographical locations makes those data available on demand

content delivery network (CDN)

is a set of rules and data structures for organizing communications

protocol

a standard for packing and managing traffic on wired local area networks also used for wired LAN connections

IEEE 802.3 protocol

a standard for packing and managing traffic on wireless local area network

IEEE 802.11 protocol

an internet address is called ________ which is a number that identifies a particular device

IP address

identify a particular device on the public internet

Public IP address