04_lecture

Speed

Rate at which an object moves distance per unit of time.

Velocity

Speed in a given direction.

Acceleration

Rate of change of velocity, measured in units of speed per time.

Gravity

Force that attracts objects toward one another, experienced by all falling objects.

Momentum

Product of an object's mass and velocity.

Angular Momentum

Momentum associated with spinning or orbiting objects.

Torque

A special force required to change an object's angular momentum.

Mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Weight

The force that a scale exerts upon an object, dependent on gravity.

Kinetic Energy

Energy of an object due to its motion.

Radiative Energy

Energy carried by light.

Potential Energy

Stored energy that can be converted into kinetic energy.

Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Gravitational Potential Energy

Energy determined by an object's mass, the strength of gravity, and its height above the ground.

Universal Law of Gravitation

States that every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Newton's First Law of Motion

An object moves at constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Force equals mass times acceleration.

Newton's Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Center of Mass

Point around which orbiting objects revolve, due to conservation of angular momentum.

Orbital Energy

Total mechanical energy in an orbit, the sum of kinetic and gravitational potential energy.