The Protestant Reformation

What was the Protestant Reformation?

Religious movement that split the Christian church in western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of a number churches.

Indulgences

pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul's time in purgatory

Theocracy

a government ruled by religious leaders who claim God's authority

Predestination

the belief that at the beginning of time God decided who would gain Salvation

Annul

to declare a marriage invalid

Name three criticisms that were made of the Catholic Church in the 1500s.

Sale of indulgences. Heavy taxation. Abuse of power.

Which Protestant reformer preached the doctrine of predestination?

John Calvin

What were the Ninety-five Theses?

Document written by Martin Luther and posted on a church door in Germany that listed 95 things that Luther saw wrong with the church

What criticisms did Martin Luther have of the Catholic Church?

Insisted God's grace cannot be won by good works. Faith alone, he said, was needed. Declared the only head of the Christian Church was Jesus, not the pope. Insisted that Christians should interpret the scripture themselves not with help from a clergy.

What led to Henry VIII's break with the Catholic Church?

The pope denied to annul his marriage with Catherine and took matters into his own hands when he fell in love with Anne Boleyn.

Who nailed a list of ninety-five complaints against the Roman Catholic Church in a public place and, in effect, began the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther

The Holy Roman emperor handed down the___which declared Martin Luther to be an outlaw and condemned his writings.

Edict of Worms

John Calvin taught the doctrine of ___a belief that nothing humans can do, either good or bad, will change their end.

Predestination

Who believed that people are sinful by nature, that strict laws regulating people's behavior are necessary, and that only the "elect" were chosen for salvation.

John Calvin

Protestantism came to England because King_____ wanted to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and marry another woman.

Henry VIII

In 1553 Queen___the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, restored the Catholic Church in England and executed many Protestants

Mary

Queen ______passed the Supremacy Act in 1559 which restored the Church of England and split England and Rome once again

Elizabeth

Define Nationalism. Why did it begin to grow?

devotion to a particular state or nation rather than to the church. Began to grow as the result of taxation indulgences etc.

Who were the two early reformers who openly criticized the church?

John Wycliffe and Jan Hoos

What early reformer believed the church should give up its earthly possessions?

John Wycliffe

What priest reformer preached against immorality and worldliness of the Catholic Church and was eventually burned at the stake because of heresy?

Jan Hosos

Woodcuts

illustrations made by carving a picture in a block of wood, inking it, and pressing it onto paper

Where does the term Protestant come from?

When Charles V tried to suppress Lutherans but Lutheran princes issued a protestation, or protest, against the measures

Where does the title 'Blood Mary' come from?

When Mary returned England to the authority of the pope, hundreds of people were killed for their Protestant beliefs.

What led to religious conflict in England?

The desire of King Henry VII to end his marriage.