Skeletal system

clavicle (s-shape)

sternum-clavicle-scapula

functions of the bones of the shoulder girdle

connects the bones of the upper limbs to axial skeleton

bones of the upper limb

humerus , radius and ulna, wrist

what bone is the arm

humerus

what bones are the forearm 

radius and ulra 

what is the humerus connected to

scapula and radius

what is the radius connected to

humerus and wrist

is radius lateral or medial

lateral

is ulna lateral or medial 

medial 

what is ulna connected to

humerus and radius

ulna has what shaped structure 

u shape 

where is the trochlear notch

ulna

how many bones in wrist (carpal)

8

what is the scaphoid

bone in wrist which connects the radius to the wrist at the base of thumb

if 65 year old fell and say their hand hurts what could have happened? 

may have fractured their scaphoid 

how many metacarpal bones

5

where are metacarpal bones

located in the hand, connecting the wrist to the fingers.

what are phalanges

finger bones

how many phalanges do we have 

14 

proximal phalanx

the bone in each finger closest to the hand, between the metacarpals and the distal phalanx.

middle phalanx

the bone in each finger located between the proximal phalanx and the distal phalanx.

distal phalanx

the bone at the tip of each finger, farthest from the hand.

pelvic girdle =

ilium + ischium + pubis

pelvis =

pelvic girdle + sacrum + coccyx

functions of pelvic girls

• supports trunk of body

• protects viscera

• transmits weight to lower limbs

• provides attachment for lower limbs

ilium is the

larges, most superior part

ischoum is 

L-shaped, lowest part 

pubis is

anterior portion

acetabulum

depression for head of femur

obturator foramen

large opening in the pelvis

male and female pelvic differ due to 

childbearing adaptions in the female 

the female pelvic brim is ______ than the male’s

larger and wider

the angle of the pubic arch is greater in the female pelic

> 90 degrees

the male pelvis is

deeper and has more narrower pelvic outlet than the female’s pelvis

femur connects to 

acetabulum and tibia 

what is the longest bone of body

femur

tibia connects to

femur and taulus (tarsals)

is tibia medial or lateral

medial

is fibula medial or lateral 

lateral 

where are tarsals

ankles

how many tarsal bones

7

what is calcaneus

largest tarsal bone that forms the base of the heel.

what is talus 

The second largest tarsal bone, located above the calcaneus and articulating with the tibia and fibula.

what is medial cuneiform

A tarsal bone located in the foot, positioned between the navicular and the first metatarsal, contributing to the arch of the foot.

pt jumped from 3rd floor what done did they most likely fracture

calcaneus

what is metatarsal bone

foot bones

how many metatarsal bones 

5 

how many phalanges (toe bones)

14

young girl jogging what did she most likely fracture

metatarsal

mature bone cells are

osteocytes

osteocytes occupy

chambers called lacunae

fibrous joint bones 

fit closely together (no movement) 

cartilaginous joint bones are

connected by cartilage (some movement)

synovial joint

has joint cavity (full movement)

fibrous connective tissue is 

thick 

types of fibrous joints

suture, gomphosis, sundesmosis

suture (fibrous)

joints that connect bones of the skull

gomphosis is

fibrous articulations

where is gomphosis

between the teeth and the mandible or macilla

where can the suture be found 

skull 

syndesmosis is

ligament connects 2 bones

where is syndesmosis

lies between tibia and fibula

cartilaginous joints

unite bones with cartilage, some movement

synchondosis

cartilaginous joint 

where is synchondosis

ribs and the sternum

symphysis

fibro-cartilaginious pad that connects two bones

symphysis is in

hip bones and the vertebrae

synvoial joints 

capsule between the two joined bones; full movement 

how many types of synovial joints

6

synovial joints components

include articular cartilage, joint capsule, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane secrets synovial fluid, minisci and bursae

ball-and-socket-joint

widest range of motion

where is ball-and-socket joint 

in the hip and shoulder 

condylar joint

back-and-forth, side to side movement

where is condylar joint

between metacarpals and phalanges

gliding plane joint

back-and-forth and twisiting

where is gliding plane joint 

wrist and ankle joints 

hinge joint

uniaxial movement (in 1 plane)

where is hinge joint

elbow, joints between phalanges

pivot joint

rotation only

where is pivot joint 

atlas (C1) and dens of axis (C2) 

saddle joint

biaxial movement ( in 2 planes)

where is saddle joint

carpal and metacarpal of thumb

action of skeletal muscle produces movement at 

synovial joints 

origin is

relatively fixed end of skeletal muscle

insertion is

more moveable end of skeletal muscle

abduction

is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

adduction 

is the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

dorsiflexion/plantar flecion

is the movement of the foot where the toes are raised towards the shin (dorsiflexion) or pointed down away from the shin (plantar flexion).

ligaments prevent

displacement

elbow joint flexion/extension

trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna (hinge joint)

elbow joint pronation/supination

capitulum of humerus and fovea on head of radius (plane joint) 

anular ligament

a ligament that encircles the head of the radius, allowing it to rotate during pronation and supination of the forearm.

hip joint

head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone

strongest ligament in body

iliogemoral

knee joint bones 

femur, tibia, patella 

bursa

A small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues, typically found in joints.

medial collateral ligament

A ligament located on the inner side of the knee that helps stabilize the joint by connecting the femur to the tibia.

lateral collateral ligament

A ligament located on the outer side of the knee that helps stabilize the joint by connecting the femur to the fibula.

anterior cruciate ligament 

A crucial ligament in the knee that connects the femur to the tibia, providing stability and preventing excessive forward movement of the tibia.

posterior cruciate ligament

A ligament in the knee that connects the femur to the tibia, providing stability and preventing excessive backward movement of the tibia.