HBS 1.2.5-1.2.6

What are the 3 types of joints?

fibrous, cartiliaginous, synovial

What is a fibrous joint?

fixed, immovable joint, connecting bone primarily made of collagen

What is a cartilaginous joint?

a joint with some motion with hyaline present in the space between articulating bones

What is a synovial joint?

moveable joint with synovial fluid in surrounding space to reduce friction and cushion; most common type

What is a ball and socket joint (spherodial)?

joint between a spherical head of end of bone and socket shaped surface of another bone; has widest range of motion. (Ex: glenohumeral- shoulder, hip joints)

Give examples of ball and socket joint.

shoulder (glenohumeral; proximal humerus+scapula) and hip (proximal femur+pelvis socket)

What is a hinge joint?

joint between rounded curve of one joint and trough shape of another bone; allows flexion and extension

Give examples of hinge joints.

elbow (distal humerus+proximal radius and ulna), ankle, knee, interphalangeal

What is a pivot joint?

screw-like joint, one bone articulates within a ligament ring that secures it to another bone so only the first bone moves, allowing rotation around axis

Give examples of pivot joints.

median atlantoaxial (C1+C2 vertebrae) and radioulnar joint

What are the ROM movements

abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, rotation, circumduction, elevation, depression, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion

SWITCH TO ANSWER WITH DEFINITION

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Abduction- movement away from midline

What is the ROM movement?

Flexion- decreasing angle of joint

What is the ROM movement?

Adduction- movement towards midline

What is the ROM movement?

Rotation- turning in circular motion

What is the ROM movement?

Extension- increasing angle of joint

What is the ROM movement?

Elevation- movement upwards

What is the ROM movement?

plantar flexion- pointing toes

What is the ROM movement?

Depression- movement downwards

What is the ROM movement?

Circumduction- moving in a circle at a joint

What is the ROM movement?

dorsiflexion- flexing toes

What is the ROM movement?

Hyaline, elastic, fibrous

What are the three types of cartilage?

• attached to articular bone structures

• covers ends of bones (condyles) to cushion joint and reduce friction

• allows for easy bending/straightening and protects joint from weight-bearing stress

• found in synovial joints (ex: between knee), rib tips, sternum, and trachea

What is hyaline cartilage?

• spongy, yellow, elastic network of fibers that provide support to body structure

• Ex: ears, epiglottis, upper respiratory tract

What is elastic cartilage?

• strongest type of cartilage that provides support rigidity and cushioning

• made up of collagen fibers

• Ex: intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

What is fibrocartilage?

lateral knee

What view is shown?

anterior knee

What view is shown?

posterior knee

What view is shown?

femur (distal end meets knee)

Identify knee part

patella

Identify knee part

tibia (proximal head meets knee)

Identify knee part

fibula (proximal head meets knee)

Identify knee part

LCL (lateral collateral ligament)

Identify knee part

MCL (medial collateral ligament)

Identify knee part

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)

Identify knee part

PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)

Identify knee part

LCL (lateral collateral ligament)

Identify knee part

PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)

Identify knee part

MCL (medial collateral ligament)

Identify knee part

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)

Identify knee part

flexion, ACl limits motion

Identify motion and limited ligaments

varus. LCL limits motion

Identify motion and limited ligaments

valgus, MCL limits motion

Identify motion and limited ligaments

extension, PCL limits motion

Identify motion and limited ligaments

anterior drawer test; ACL

Identify diagnostic test and affected ligament

valgus stress test (MCL)

Identify diagnostic test and affected ligament

posterior drawer test (PCL)

Identify diagnostic test and affected ligament

varus stress test (LCL)

Identify diagnostic test and affected ligament

• promote lymphatic drainage

• blood circulation

• stimulation of tissue and mechanoreceptors that detect touch, stimulate reflexes, monitor stretch in organs, and muscle memory

Why is kinesiology tape used?

• Tape in a fan shape lifts skin and moves lymph fluid from swelling back into the blood circulation and lymph nodes

• Stretch in tape's touch on skin stimulates mechanoreceptors

How does kinesiology tape work?

Post-op, opne woumds, steri-strip sutures, blood blots (DBT- deep vein thrombosis), cancers/malignancies, adhersive allergy

When should kinesiology tape not be used?

tool like protractor that measures range of motion my angle degrees by aligning rotating tool to current ROM

What is a goniometer used for?