Art History

clerestory a section of a building that rises above the aisles and allows light to enter

a section of a building that rises above the aisles and allows light to enter

Karnak

Site of large temple complex

Tutankhamen

Pharaoh of Egypt around 1358 BC. His tomb was discovered almost intact by Howard Carter in 1922

Hatshepsut

female who ruled as Queen of Egypt (1473-1458 B.C.E.).

Re

Egyptian sun god worshiped at Karnak

Mastaba

an ancient Egyptian mudbrick tomb with a rectangular base and sloping sides and flat roof

Osiris

Egyptian god of the underworld and judge of the dead

Cromlech

A monument of megaliths arranged in a circle also called a henge

Heel Stone

stone marking summer solstice

Catal Huyuk

First Urban city in Anatolia, Turkey. Ladders to houses, no streets - Neolithic Era in 6500 to 5500 BC

Stonehenge

Neolithic a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, consisting of a large circle of megaliths surrounding a smaller circle and four massive trilithons(3 stone construction); dating to late Neolithic and early Bronze Age. ca. 2100 BC

Trilithon

a pair of monoliths topped with a lintel

Jericho

Oldest Neolithic community in the West Bank between Israel and Jordan

In the round

freestanding object 360* view

Mesolithic Middle Stone Age

ca. 7000 B.C.E. in Europe

Neolithic New Stone Age

ca. 8000 B.C.E. in East, ca. 4000 B.C.E. in Europe

Paleolithic Stone Age

ca. 30,000-10,000 B.C.E.

Lintel

Beam used to span an opening

Twisted Perspective

Used by Paleolithic painters to represent a more comprehensive view of an animal

Dolmen

Several large stones capped with a covering slab

Stele

stone monument with relief carving

Tigris River

Mesopotamian river

Standard of Ur

Sumerian inlaid panel 2600 BCE. One side is Peace one is war

Ishtar Gate

Babylonian monument that uses the arch and glazed tiles

Shapur I

Sasanian king

Ur

An ancient city of Sumer located on a former channel of the Euphrates Riversite of ziggurat

Ziggurat

multitiered structure thought to have served as a temple platform

Iwan

a brick audience hall covered by a barrel vault

Megaron

rectangular reception hall with columnar facade vestibule

Tholos

A type of tomb in Mycenaean architecture with a bee-hive shaped circular plan, also called a bee-hive tomb (Treasury of Atreus)

Cyclades

Group of islands in Aegean Sea

Cyclopean wall

constructed of gigantic irregular blocks

Aegean sea

between Greece and Asia Minor

Krater

bowl for mixing wine and water

Citadel

Fortress that commands a city

Knossos

Minoan capital city

Relieving triangle

an area above a lintel designed to lighten the load

Repousse'

metalworking technique "beaten from behind"

Corbeled vault

Constructed of overlapping stone courses T

pylon

monumental entrance of an Egyptian temple

venus of willendorf

Statue ca. 28,000 BCE - Fertility Image

Lascaux

A cave in southwestern France that contains Paleolithic painting

ziggurat

a huge mud-brick temple built by the ancient Sumerians

Warka Vase

Sumerian, Uruk, first narrative relief sculpture, registers

Stylized

using artistic forms and conventions to create effects

Lion Gate

Anatolia (Turkey), limestone. ca. 1400 BCE. 7 foot tall lions guarded the main gateway at Boghazkoy.

Sargon II

Assyrian, Ruled 721-05. Founds new capital in Dur-Sharrukin "Fortress of Sargon." , captured the Northern Kingdom of Israel when Samaria fell in 722 BC

Shapur I

Barrel Vault

Shapur II

Repousse'

Stepped Pyramid of Djoser

Old kingdom, built by Imhotep ca. 2,600

Tholos

beehive tomb - corbeled arch over doorway

Krater

an ancient Greek wide-mouthed bowl for mixing wine and water

Kouros

statue of male youth ca. 600 BC, marble

Frieze

any scupltured or painted band in a building

Hellenistic

relating to or characteristic of the classical Greek civiliHzation

Paleolithic

30,000-8000 BCE. Old Stone

Neolithic

8000-3500 BCE. New Stone

Old Kingdom

2600-2100 BCE. - Pyramids - Sphynx

New Kingdom

1550-1070 BCE.

Minoan

1700-1400 BCE.

Mycenaean

1500-1200 BCE.

Geometric

900-700 BCE.

Post and lintel

a system of construction in which two posts support a lintel (beam) going across them.

Groundline

in paintings and reliefs, a painted or carved baseline on which figures appear to stand

Cuneiform

a system of writing used in ancient Mesootamia, in which wedge-shaped characters were produced b pressing a stylus into a soft clay tablet, which was then baked or otherwise hardened

register

one of a series of superimposed bands or friezes in a pictorial narrative, or the particular levels on which motifs are placed

fertile crescent

a region of the MIddle East arching across the norther part of the Syrian Desert and extending from the Nile Valley to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

ashlar

masonry carefully cut and regularly shaped blocks of stone used in construction, fitted together w/o mortar.

mastaba

ancient egypt rectangular brick structure with sloping sides erecting over a subterranean tomb chamber

necropolis

'city of the dead' a large burial area or cemetary

beehive tomb

a type of subterranean tomb of the Mycenaean civilization consisting of a domed chamber entered by a passage through a hillside

terracotta

hard baked clay, used for sculpture and as a building material; may be glazed or painted

cycladic figures

once-painted marble figures created in the cyclades (islands off of greece) revered for their modern simplicity. Were buried with the dead.

kamares ware

vases fashioned on potters wheel that usually depict some natural element in harmony with the shape of the vessel. Named for the cave on the slope of Mount Ida where they were first discovered. (octopus Jar)

Ramses II

one of Egypt's greatest kings who ruled for over 60 years, conquered vast territories, and fathered over 100 children

Corbeled Gallery

Stones piled in horizontal courses and then cantilevered inward until the two walls meet in a pointed arch

Mantiklos Apollo

Greek god of light - Geometric Period, 700-680 B.C.E.

Mesopotamia

Land Between two rivers, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates

Cro-Magnon

c. 45,000-10,000 BCE.

Mural

Wall Painting

Sarcophagus

Outer Stone Coffin

Pylons

monumental entrance into an egyptian temple

Orientalizing

Influence from the East - Emphasis on Animals

Lady of Auxerre

Rare image of woman c. 650 BCE.

Calf Bearer

Muscular statue showing activity/normal life

Acropolis

high city

Demi-God

Human and God Parents

Palace of Knossos

1,700- 1,400 BCE. King Minos, Reconstructed - Red and black columns

Bust of Nefertiti

Rock Cut Tombs

Living Rock- Man made caves

Kufu

Largest Pyramid

Hammurabi

1792-1750 B.C.E. King of the Babylonian empire; creator of the Code of Hammurabi, one of the world's oldest codes of law.

Sumer

A group of 12 ancient city-states in southern Mesopotamia; the earliest civilization in Mesopotamia

White horses

Amphora

an ancient jar with two handles and a narrow neck

Polis

Greek city-state

Reserve Column

Column with no weight bearing function

David Roberts

Famous artist who captured image of 19th century Egypt

Cylinder Seals

Sumer's most famous works of art; they were stone cylinders engraved with designs that when rolled over clay, the designs would leave behind their imprint and each seal left its own distinct imprint showing a person's ownership; it was a way to "sign" documents or decorate other objects

Hued

"Hollowed out"