Studied by 18 people
For Magic, Mystery and Ritual in Global Art * Indicates it was not a midterm required work but was still discussed in class
Prehistoric Period
23,000-12,000 BCE
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Apollo 11 Cave Painting, Prehistoric
“Apollo 11 Cave Painting” Significance
Charcoal on stone
Excavated in Namibia
Shaman transformation
Hybrid creature (human, lion, water buffalo, antelope)
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Venus of Willendorf, Prehistoric
“Venus of Willendorf” Significance
Italian limestone
Fertility figurine/talisman
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Painted Bison, Prehistoric
“Painted Bison” Significance
Found by young girl in Spanish cave
Painted with hands & figures/hollowed bone blow tools
Shaman in animal form
Hunting training
Offering for deity
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Ubirr Rock Painting of A Yam, Prehistoric
“Ubirr Rock Painting of A Yam” Significance
Pigment on stone
Ritualistic outfits
Worship of food/agriculture in famine
Cultural hallucination/drug use
Agriculture/fertility-based deity
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Stonehenge, Prehistoric
“Stonehenge” Significance*
Megaliths (giant stones)
Surrounded by a henge (ditch)
Represents wheel of life/holidays
Bodies found on site
Made with interlocking posts and lintels
Near Eastern Period
3000-700 BCE
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Warka Vase, Near East
“Warka Vase” Significance
Votive object (size, material, depictions)
Honoring the goddess Inanna
Focus on keeping the gods happy
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Bull-Headed Lyre, Near East
“Bull-Headed Lyre” Significance
Found in a royal cemetery
Gold, lapis lazuli, shell, wood
Likely used for funeral rites
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Cylinder Seal, Near East
“Cylinder Seal” Significance*
Lapis lazuli and gold
Royal cemetery
Depicts animal sacrifice
Used to seal a container
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Ziggurat, Near East
“Ziggurat” Significance*
Temple to Nanna (moon goddess)
Administrative centers
REALLY big
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Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, Near East
“Victory Stele of Naram-Sin” Significance
Hierarchy of scale
Depicts a military victory
Engraving describing the event
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Lamassu, Near East
“Lamassu” Significance
Limestone
Protective figure in front of doorways
Funky looking 5 legs (two frontal, four side)
Hybrid figure (human-bull-bird)
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Lamashtu Amulet, Near East
“Lamashtu Amulet” Significance
Depicts evil baby-eating demon Lamashtu
Made of small chunk of obsidian
Used as a personal protection amulet
Obsidian = radiance, prestige, transformation
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Ashurbanipal Hunting Lions, Near East
“Ashurbanipal Hunting Lions” Significance
Palace decoration
Shows power of the emperor
Kings = lions
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Cuneiform Tablet, Near East
“Cuneiform Tablet” Significance*
Administrative/spiritual purpose
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Queen of the Night, Near East
“Queen of the Night” Significance
Mold-made piece and mass produced
Holding ring and rod (symbols of power)
Unsure depiction
Name comes from British poem
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Kudurru (Boundary) Stone, Near East
“Kudurru (Boundary) Stone” Significance
Record of land management
Egyptian Period
3000-300 BCE
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Palette of Narmer, Egyptian (Pre-Dynastic)
“Palette of Narmer” Significance
Depicts the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
Not used for actual makeup (votive)
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Stepped Pyramid and Mortuary Complex of Djoser, Egyptian (Early Dynastic), Imhotep
“Stepped Pyramid and Mortuary Complex of Djoser” Significance
Funerary/mortuary complex in honor of great king
Ka- life force, did not die with physical death
Mastaba- trapezoid funerary
Serdab- room that held statue of deceased, not easily visible to visitors
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Great Pyramids of Giza, Egyptian (Old Kingdom)
“Great Pyramids of Giza” Significance
Khufu, Khafre & Menkaure
Gets smaller from king to king
Originally white limestone with gold caps
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Seated Statue of Khafre, Egyptian (Old Kingdom)
“Seated Statue of Khafre” Significance
In Giza Pyramids
Built of diorite (fancy)
Includes lots of kinghood imagery (idealized form, headress, false beard, Horus, papyrus/lotus)
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Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt, Egyptian (Old Kingdom)
“Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt” Significance*
Found in a tomb
Composite view & hierarchy of scale
Meant to protect/serve Ti in the afterlife
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Execration Figurine, Egyptian (Middle Kingdom)
“Execration Figurine” Significance
List of cities hostile to Egypt
Written in hieratics
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Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Egyptian (New Kingdom)
“Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut” Significance
Built into a valley
Made of limestone
Had myrhh trees (from other nations)
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Akhenaten, Nefertiti and Their Daughters, Egyptian (New Kingdom)
“Akhenaten, Nefertiti and Their Daughters” Significance
Mystery of unidealized figures
Monotheistic belief in “Aten”
Limestone relief
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Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer, Egyptian (New Kingdom)
“Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer” Significance
Continuous narrative
From Book of the Dead, a guide to the afterlife
Heart measured against a feather
Depiction of multiple deities in composite view
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London Medical Papyrus, Egyptian (New Kingdom)
“London Medical Papyrus” Significance
Medical manual that describes burns, eye infections, demons, treatments
Magic is seen as a legitimate form of medical treatment
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Bes Amulet, Egyptian (New Kingdom)
“Bes Amulet” Significance
Frontal NOT composite view
Made of faience (regenerative)
Protective of mothers and children
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Taweret Figurine, Egyptian (New Kingdom)
“Taweret Figurine” Significance*
Protection of mothers
Hybrid figure of dog, hippo, snake
Carrying unknown hieroglyph
Faience (regenerative)
African Period
5000 BCE-1550 CE
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Running Woman, African
“Running Woman” Significance*
Composite view
Found in a “sanctuary”
Depicts a goddess or similar figure
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Nubian Pyramid of Amanishakheto, African
“Nubian Pyramid of Amanishakheto” Significance
Honoring Queen Amanishakheto
Destroyed by a creepy Italian guy
Served as a tomb
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Seated Figure, African
“Seated Figure” Significance
Sympathetic magic
Looted from Mali
Depicts a plagued figure (either to avoid plague or wish plague onto another)
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The Great Mosque, African
“The Great Mosque” Significance
Adobe is a memory material
Region-specific style with Islamic purpose
Influence of French colonization
Toron- bundle of wood in wall for aesthetic/structural purposes
Minaret- tower where people are called to pray (topped with ostrich eggs)
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Head of an Oba, African
“Head of an Oba” Significance
Benin Bronze (looted)
Semi-idealized portrait of dead leader
Elephant tusk in head indent
Symbolized spiritual movement from leader to leader
Found in palace shrine
Wore a coral necklace
Greek Period
750-50 BCE
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Dipylon Krater, Greek (Geometric)
“Dipylon Krater” Significance*
Found in a cemetery (grave marker)
Bodies made of geometric shapes
Made for a man (depiction of deceased/form of vessel)
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West Pediment of the Temple of Artemis, Greek (Archaic)
“West Pediment of the Temple of Artemis” Significance
Depicts the gorgon Medusa and her sons
Panthers (for protection)
Items get smaller on edges of triangle
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Kouros, Greek (Archaic)
“Kouros” Significance
Suspected forgery
Inspired by Egyptian sculpture
Traditional archaic smile and NO hip shift
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Black Figure Eye Cup, Greek (Archaic), Nikosthenes
“Black Figure Eye Cup” Significance*
Depicts Dionysus and his followers
Tondo- goofy image in center of cup
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Parthenon, Greek (Classical), Iktinos and Kallikrates
“Parthenon” Significance
Dedicated to patron goddess Athena
Storage of Athens treasures/valuables
Peripteral columns (all around)
Pediments- rivalry of Athena and Poseidon, birth of Athena, procession for Athena, Greeks vs. different opponents
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Curse Figure and Coffin, Greek (Classical)
“Curse Figure and Coffin” Significance
Found in someone’s grave (disturbed bones)
Likely connected to Athenian trial
Names 9 people and anyone else who was an advocate or witness
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Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), Greek (Classical), Polykleitos
“Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)” Significance
Roman marble copy of Greek bronze
Naturalized yet still idealized body type
Depicts a young, nude male athlete
Contrapposto pose (shoulders/hips shift with legs)
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Hades Abducting Persephone, Greek (Classical)
“Hades Abducting Persephone” Significance
More realism with shadows/light
In royal Macedonian tomb
Foreshortening (see wheels)
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Great Altar of Zeus, Greek (Hellenistic)
“Great Altar of Zeus” Significance*
Decorated with large-scale relief sculptures
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Seated Boxer, Greek (Hellenistic)
“Seated Boxer” Significance
Depicts older, weary boxer (see slumped shoulders/furrowed brow)
Knicks/cuts on his face and cauliflower ear
Unsure why it was underground
Focus on motion/emotion
Etruscan Period
650-100 BCE
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Fibula with Orientalizing Lions, Etruscan (Orientalizing)
“Fibula with Orientalizing Lions” Significance
Typically a functional object, but now used for ceremony/ritual
Worn like a brooch
Use of granulation
Strong Eastern/Egyptian influence
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Apulu of Veii, Etruscan (Archaic)
“Apulu of Veii” Significance
Etruscan version of Apollo
Surviving acroterion (roof statue)
Influenced by Greek archaic period
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Anina Family Tomb, Etruscan (Hellenistic)
“Anina Family Tomb” Significance*
Found in Etruscan tomb
Deities Charun and Vanth
Guarding doors of tombs and leading souls
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Piacenza Liver, Etruscan (Hellenistic)
“Piacenza Liver” Significance
Model of a sheep’s liver
16 outer sections (deities in the celestial houses)
Inner area has instructions for divination
Near Eastern influence
Note 
Flashcard (48)