LESSON 2: VARIOUS ART FORMS FOUND IN THE PHILIPPINES

What is art?

the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing words to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.

Various art forms found in the Philippines

Architecture, Literature, Music, Film, Dance, Sculpture, Painting, and Visual Arts

What is Architecture?

the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. The practice of this is employed to fulfill both practical and expressive requirements and thus it serves both utilitarian and aesthetic ends.

Who is the father of architecture?

Frank Lloyd Wright

Give me 2 examples of architecture in the philippines

Fort Santiago and Vigan, Ilocos Sur

What is Literature?

(Lombardi 2020) is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Derived from literature meaning “writing formed with letters, literature most commonly refers to words of creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song.

Literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination:

including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song.

Give me example of Philippine-Luzon Literature?

a blade of Fern by Edith Ocampo, I Saw the Fall of the Philippines by Carlos P. Romulo

Give me example of Philippine-Visayas Literature?

Panhayhay hin Bungtohanon by Francisco Alvarado, An Higugma by Iluminado Lucente

Give me example of Philippine-Mindanao Literature?

Dead Stars by H.O Santos, Indrarapatra at Sulayman by Bartolome Del Valle

Literature has been considered a form of art for centuries

Think of ancient poetry or Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy.

Throughout history, one can identify the same art movements of visual arts in literature.

Think of realism, romanticism, surrealism, or Minimalism.

Among the great novels in Philippine literature, Noli Me Tángere (Touch Me Not) is the most controversial and widely-known.

It’s included in the current education curriculum of Filipino high school students.

Written by the country’s national hero, Dr. José Rizal…

…this novel sparked the social awakening of authors from Filipino culture during the Spanish colonial era.

As Rizal cannot fathom the unfairness of the Spanish priests and the ruling government at the time…

…his purpose of writing the book was to expose the ills of Philippine society at the time.

In this revolutionary book, you’ll learn about the story of Crisostomo Ibarra…

…how he dealt with Spanish authorities, and how he prepared for his revenge, as told in Rizal’s 2nd book, El Filibusterismo.

Another famous masterpiece in Philippine literature, Francisco Balagtas’ Florante at Laura…

…is written in the form of ‘awit’ where there are four lines per stanza and 12 syllables per line.

Set in the fictional kingdom of Albania…

…it tackles the story between Duke Florante and Princess Laura, who’s also being pursued by Florante’s enemy Count Adolfo.

As a literary classic, this book has become a favorite play not only among Filipino high school students…(Florante at Laura)

…but has been showcased in grand theaters such as Gantimpala Theater and the Cultural Center of the Philippines.

Music in the Philippines

known as "Musika ng Pilipinas" in Filipino, is a blend of various local and international genres and styles. It includes the musical performance arts in the Philippines and the music of Filipinos composed in various genres and styles.

Philippine musical compositions

are often a mixture of indigenous styles, various Asian styles, as well as Spanish/Latin American and American influences. This fusion of styles is a result of the country's rich cultural history and foreign influences through periods of colonization.

The Spanish colonization brought

with it the influence of Western music, including classical and religious music. The American occupation also introduced new musical styles, such as jazz and rock and roll, which have been embraced and adapted by Filipino musicians. The Philippines has a vibrant scene with genres such as pop, rock, hip-hop, and OPM (Original Pilipino Music) being popular. OPM refers to music composed and performed by Filipino artists and has its own distinct sound.

What are the various types of music in the Philippines?

Traditional Indigenous Music, Kundiman, Harana, OPM, Pop Music, Rock Music, Hip-hop/Rap, Contemporary Christian Music,

What is Traditional Indigenous Music?

in the Philippines varies across different regions and ethnic groups. It often includes traditional instruments like the kulintang (gong ensemble), kudyapi (two-stringed lute), and bamboo instruments. _____ music is deeply rooted in the cultural and spiritual practices of indigenous communities.

What is Kundiman?

is a traditional Filipino love song genre that emerged during the Spanish colonial period. It is characterized by its heartfelt melodies and poetic lyrics. _______ often features a solo singer accompanied by a guitar or banduria (a plucked string instrument).

What is Harana?

is a traditional serenade music genre in the

Philippines. It involves a man singing romantic songs outside the window of a loved one.

______ is typically accompanied by a guitar and can be traced back to the Spanish colonial era.

What is Original Pilipino Music (OPM)?

refers to Filipino music composed and performed by Filipino artists. It encompasses a wide range of genres, including pop, rock, ballads, R&B, hip-hop, and folk. OPM has its own distinct sound and has produced many popular Filipino songs and artists.

What is Pop Music?

has a significant presence in the Philippines, with both local and international pop songs being popular among Filipinos. Many Filipino artists have gained fame in the pop music industry, both locally and internationally.

What is Rock Music?

has a strong following in the Philippines, with numerous Filipino rock bands and artists. Filipino rock music often incorporates elements of folk, punk, and alternative rock.

What is Hip-Hop/Rap?

have gained popularity in the Philippines, with Filipino artists showcasing their talent in this genre. Filipino hip-hop often combines English and Filipino lyrics and addresses social issues and personal experiences.

What is Contemporary Christian Music?

The Philippines has a vibrant contemporary Christian music scene, with many Filipino artists creating music that reflects their faith and spirituality.

What is Film?

This refers to a sequence of moving pictures shown on television or in cinema. ____ making became an industry in the Philippines during the 1950's.

What are the elements of a film?

Time, Cutting or Editing, Camera Movement, Framing

Time

This is considered as the most significant

element of cinema.Techniques of cinema.

Cutting or editing

Involves one shot with another,

making sure that these two shot are connected.

Camera movement

This is done in order to have a smoother change of view.

Framing

This helps bringing balance to the film as

it is being viewed.

Forms and Types of Film

Action(Aksyon), Animation, Bomba, Documentary(Dokyu), Drama, Experimental, Fantasy, Historical, Horror, Komedi

Aksyon (Action)

This uses conflict as emphasis based on real-life stories or actual experiences of persons and based from the tradition of metrical romance or literary komedya.

Animation

A film that involves creating illustrations

or inanimate images and bringing them to life.

Bomba

A film that depicts n*dity and s*x but is different from X-rated p*rn*graphy.

Dokyu (documentary)

This is a motion picture that narrates news events or explain other subject matter based on facts.

Drama

This is a motion picture that dwells on personal problems and conflicts which draws sentiment and emotion.

Experimental

This attempts to create something innovative or that is never done before with the camera.

Fantasy

This depicts scenes in an imaginary world.

Historical

This shows actual events that occurred in the past.

Horror

This is shown to bring fear to the audience.

Komedi (Comedy)

This is to introduce or bring laughter to the audience.

Dance

is an art form consisting of sequences of body movements with aesthetic and often symbolic value. It is often classified as a sport. The art of dance transmits culture, emotions, tells stories, and can be a testimony of a historical moment or a place of origin. ____ is considered an art because it meets many of the same criteria as other forms of art. For example, like a painting or sculpture, a dance is created by an artist for the express purpose of being seen or experienced by others

The Philippines has a rich tradition of folk dances. Some of the most popular types of dances in the Philippines include :

Tinikling, Singkil, Carinosa, Binasuan, and Pandanggo sa Ilaw

Tinikling

a folk dance that involves dancers stepping over and between two bamboo poles that are being beaten, tapped, and slid on the ground.

Singkil

a traditional dance from the Philippines that tells the story of a princess who is trying to escape from danger.

Cariñosa

a dance that originated in the Ilocos region of the Philippines and is often performed at weddings and other celebrations.

Binasuan

a dance that involves balancing glasses of water on the head and in the hands while dancing.

Pandanggo sa Ilaw

a dance that involves balancing three oil lamps on the head and in the hands while dancing.

Painting

is the application of color on a flat surface, using materials like watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil, pastel. It is considered two-dimensional charcoal or consists of height and width.

Forms of Painting

Easel Painting, Mural, Telo

Easel Painting

is a popular technique where color is applied to a board or canvas fixed on an easel, framed and displayed on a wall.

Mural

a large wall-sized painting, was developed to prevent wall erasure using bold strokes on cheesecloth or canvas, enhancing the public's experience.

A telon

serves as a backdrop for the stage in popular Philippine theater forms like komedya, sarswela, and sinakulo.

Calesa painting

a single-color design with geometric or repetitive patterns, evolved into jeepney painting, where a logo or painting is covered near the driver's seat.

Collage

is a painting technique that combines images into a single piece by cutting and pasting flat materials onto a board or canvas.

Themes of Painting

Genre Painting, The Historical Painting, Interior Painting, Landscapes, Portraits,

Genre painting

a contemporary art form, hasevolved with new approaches like folk genre, cubism, and folk-naive, focusing on everyday activities, urban subjects, and color.

The historical painting

depicts a scene from the past. It often has a lesson concerning national values.

Interior painting

depicts the social class and traits of the family living in a house or building, revealing the space within the building.

Landscapes

is natural or urban scenes, often using mixed media, while seascapes focus on large bodies of water, particularly the ocean.

Portraits

are paintings depicting specific individuals, often focusing on their physical characteristics and character, to provide an understanding of their essence.

Nudes paintings

are the unclothed human figure,

using various materials and styles. Nude painting

sessions are held in galleries.

Religious painting

often features a lone religious

image, saints' lives, and Scripture-based scenes like the Nativity scene and the Station of the Cross.

Sculpture

an artistic form in which hard or plastic materials are worked into three-dimensional art objects.

ORIGIN AND USES OF SCULPTURE

In the beginning, the purpose of sculpture are

for religious practices,as they were used in

rituals, funeral rites or ceremonial

practices.Afterwards, it was then used for

political purpose to show their strength and

helped to preserved history of the

community.

Examples of Sculpture

Sandugo Monument in Tagbolaran, Bohol(Napoleon Abueva), Life Size Busts of Jose Rizal (Guillermo Tolentino)

Visual arts

refer to forms of art that are primarily visual in nature, created to be appreciated through sight. To create visually appealing and meaningful artworks. It allows viewers to easily identify and relate to the depicted objects, people, or scenes.

In the Pilippines envelop a scope of structures created by Filipino in the Ethnic, Spanish, American, and contemporary customs.

Ethnic Visual Arts

Indigenous woodcarving is one of the most notable

traditional arts in the Philippines.

Here are some of the ethnic groups that have made

significant contributions to the visual arts of the

Philippines:

1.Indigenous Communities:

2.Muslim Communities

3. Filipino Contemporary Artists

Spain Visual Arts

The Spaniards made significant contributions to the visual arts of the Philippines during the colonial period. Here are some key contributions of the Spaniards to the visual arts of the Philippines: Religious Art, Church Architecture, Santos and Retablos, Religious Festivals

Religious Art

The Spanish colonizers introduced religious art forms such as painting, sculpture, and architecture.

Church Architecture

The Spanish influence can be seen in the architectural design of churches and religious structures across the Philippines.

Santos and Retablos

The Spaniards introduced the tradition of creating santos, which are religious statues of saints, and retablos, which are decorative altarpieces.

Religious Festivals

The Spanish colonial period also gave rise to vibrant religious festivals in the Philippines

American Visual Arts

The contribution of Americans to the visual arts of the Philippines has left a lasting impact on the country's artistic landscape. Here are some key contributions of the Spaniards to the visual arts of the Philippines: Introduction of Western Art Techniques, Art Education and Institutions, Promotion of Realism and Impressionism

Introduction of Western Art Techniques

The Americans introduced Western art techniques to the Philippines, such as oil painting, watercolor, and sculpture.

Art Education and Institutions

The Americans established art schools and institutions in the Philippines, providing formal training and education to aspiring artists.

Promotion of Realism and Impressionism

American art instructors introduced and emphasized the principles of realism and impressionism in Filipino art.