Part1 Chapter04

Vocabulary flashcards for key terms and definitions related to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as covered in Chapter 4 of the microbiology course.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not have a true nucleus and typically lack organized organelles.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that have a true nucleus and organized organelles; can be unicellular or multicellular.

Histones

Proteins found in eukaryotic cells that help package DNA into chromatin.

Chromosome

A structure within cells that contains DNA; prokaryotes usually have one circular chromosome.

Bacteria

Prokaryotic organisms that are typically unicellular and come in various shapes.

Cell Wall

A protective outer layer found in prokaryotic cells, specifically bacteria, made of peptidoglycan.

Staining

A technique used to enhance the visibility of bacteria under a microscope.

Coccus

A spherical shape of bacteria.

Bacillus

A rod-shaped bacteria.

Spirilla

A spiral-shaped bacteria.

Vibrio

A comma or curved rod-shaped bacteria.

Diplo-

A prefix indicating a pair, such as diplo-cocci (two spherical bacteria together).

Staphylococci

Clusters of spherical bacteria.

Streptococci

Chains of spherical bacteria.

Tetrads

Groups of four bacterial cells.

Sarcinae

Cube-shaped arrangements of bacterial cells.

Bacterial Infection

An infection caused by the multiplication of bacteria in the body.

Morphology

The study of the form and structure of organisms, including bacteria.

Beneficial Bacteria

Bacteria that provide valuable benefits to humans and ecosystems.

Microscope

An instrument used to see small organisms like bacteria.

Organelles

Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions.