Lecture 4 - Psychology: Trait Theories of Personality

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on trait theories of personality, highlighting definitions, theories, and significant researchers mentioned.

According to the lecture, why are reliable and valid measurements important?

They are crucial for scientific inquiries and allow for the verification or rejection of constructs.

What is the main focus of Allport's idiographic approach?

It emphasizes an in-depth analysis of a single person's unique trait structure.

What are cardinal traits according to Allport?

Cardinal traits are pervasive dispositions that influence virtually every act of a person.

What is one major postulate of Hans J. Eysenck's theory?

He emphasized the biological foundations of traits and that traits are inherited.

Define the term 'surface traits' as used by Cattell.

Surface traits are observable behavioral tendencies that exist on the surface.

What is the PEN model introduced by Eysenck?

The PEN model includes three dimensions: Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism.

How does factor analysis contribute to personality research?

It helps identify latent personality traits by analyzing correlations between observed behaviors.

What is the significance of measuring personality traits accurately?

Accurate measurement reflects adequately the latent constructs of personality which determine behavior and responses.

According to Eysenck, what distinguishes introverts and extraverts physiologically?

Introverts have higher cortical arousal, making them more easily overstimulated, while extraverts have lower cortical arousal, leading them to seek stimulation.

Define the term 'source traits' as used by Cattell.

Source traits are underlying, stable personality structures that determine surface traits. They are less numerous and more fundamental.