Microbio Final Prep - Exam 4

In double stranded DNA, adenine pairs with ____.

1. thymine (T)

2. adenine (A)

3. cytosine (C)

4. guanine (G)

thymine (T)

_____ gene sequencing is widely used in clinical practice as a tool for bacterial identification and diagnosis.

1. 60S rRNA

2. 40S rRNA

3. 18S rRNA

4. 16S rRNA

16S rRNA

The best way to sterilize glassware contaminated with bacteria is by using a/an ____.

1. Bunsen burner

2. autoclave

3. filtration system

4. boiler

autoclave

The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and bacterial endospores on inanimate objects is called ____.

1. disinfection

2. sterilization

3. antisepsis

4. sanitization

5. an extinction level event

sterilization

Many airlines use HEPA filters to remove microbes from _____.

1. liquids

2. food

3. human passengers

4. air

air

The ____ is all of the genetic material of a cell.

1. chromosome

2. plasmid

3. prophage

4. genome

genome

In PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), ____ is the initial step where the double stranded DNA template is heated to separate it into two siingle strands, making it accessible for primer binding and DNA polyermerase.

1. annealing

2. extraction

3. extension

4. denaturation

denaturation

To effectively remove viruses from water you will need a ____ filter.

1. 200μm

2. 20μm

3. 2μm

4. 0.2μm

5. 0.002μm

0.002μm

In bacteria, each ____ is a specific segment of the DNA with the code for production of one functional protein.

1. intron

2. exon

3. gene

4. operator

5. triplet

gene

____ is a natural process where genetic material, often in the form of a plasmid, is transferred from a donor bacterium to a recipient bacterium through direct cell-to-cell contact, facilitated by a structure called a pilis.

1. transformation

2. conjugation

3. transduction

4. transposon transfer

5. phage virulence

conjugation

Refrigerators are generally considered _____, meaning they s.ow down or inhibit bacterial growth, but they don’t typically kill bacteria.

1. bactericidal

2. bacteriostatic

3. decontamination

4. sterilization

5. none of the above

bacteriostatic

Pasteurization _____.

1. kills all vegetative bacteria

2. reduces the number of vegetative bacteria

3. reduces the number of endospores

4. increases food nutrition value

5. none of the above

reduces the number of vegetative bacteria

Which of the following is not used by bacteria for resisting UV damage.

1. positive phototaxis

2. cartotenoids

3. catalase

4. superoxide dismutase

5. DNA photolyase

Positive phototaxis

Translation converts ____ to ____.

1. protein; DNA

2. DNA; mRNA

3. mRNA; protein

4. protein; metabolites

mRNA; protein

In microbiology labs, metal inoculating loops are sterilized using____.

1. moist heat

2. chemicals

3. incineration

4. filtration

5. ethylene oxide

incineration

____ heat is more effective and efficient compared to ____ heat.

1. High; dry

2. High; moist

3. Dry; moist

4. Moist; dry

5. Moist; high

Moist; dry

Which of the following is the most effective at killing microbes colonizing a wound?

1. 7% ethanol

2. 10% ethanol

3. 50% ethanol

4. 70% ethanol

5. 100% ethanol

70% ethanol

The most common type of drinking water disinfection is ____-.

1. ozonation

2. chlorination

3. ultraviolet (UV) treatment

4. ethylene oxide treatment

chlorination

Which of the following is not an RNA nitrogenous base?

1. Thyamine

2. Uracil

3. Cytosine

4. Guanine

5. Adenine

Thymine

During translation tRBAs ____.

1. transport amino acids to the ribosomes

2. separate strands of DNA

3. add RNA bases to a new mRNA molecule

4. fuse with RN polymerase to form a complex

5. degrade protein

transport amino acids to the ribosomes

In double-stranded DNA, guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) form ___ hydrogen bonds to pair together.

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

3

Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms in milk is achieved commercially by ____.

1. chlorination

2. autoclaving

3. dry heat

4. pasteurization

5. boiling for 3 hours

pasteurization

The alcohol wipe. used to clean skin before an injection is an example of ____.

1. disinfection

2. sanitization

3. antisepsis

4. sterilization

5. inoculation

antisepsis

During DNA replication , the enzyme topoisomerase _____.

1. unzips the two strands of DNA

2. builds a new strand of DNA along each unzipped strand

3. synthesizes an RNA primer

4. zips the two strands of DNA together

5. untangles/unwinds the DNA double helix to initiate DNA replication

untangles/unwinds the DNA double helix to initiate DNA replication

Dry heat sterilizes by _____.

1. causing the formation of thymine dimers

2. denaturing proteins

3. causing the production of nitrogen gas

4. dehydrating and oxidizing cells

dehydrating and oxidizing cells

A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in an mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid is called a ____.

1. codon

2. anticodon

3. exon

4. intron

5. gene

codon

During transcription ____ synthesize RNA from a DNA template.

1. ribosomes

2. RNA polymerase

3. DNA polymerase

4. proteases

RNA polymerase

If the mRNA codon for serine is UCU, then the correct anticodon would be _____.

1. TGT

2. GCA

3. CGT

4. ACG

5. AGA

AGA

Anything you do in a health facility to prevent contamination and the spread of microorganisms is called ___.

1. sterility

2. hard work

3. aseptic technique

4. sepsis

5. transmission

aseptic technique

Which of the following microbial forms have the least resistance to physical and chemical agents?

1. Naked viruses

2. Protozoan cysts

3. Fungal spores

4. Bacterial endospores

5. Enveloped viruses

Enveloped viruses

Which of the following microbial control methods neutralizes viruses and kills bacteria on inanimate objects?

1. Antisepsis

2. Boiling for 5 minutes

3. UV exposure for 5 seconds

4. Sanitization

5. Disinfection

Disinfection

____ is a control method that physically removed microorganisms rather than inhibiting them or killing them.

1. Boiling

2. Sterilization

3. Radiation

4. Disinfection

5. Filtration

Filtration

Which of the following is a start codon?

1. UAG

2. AUG

3. UAA

4. UGA

5. AAA

AUG

Each nucleotide is composed of _____.

1. one phosphate, one nitrogen base, and one sugar

2. one phosphate, one nitrogen base, and two sugars

3. two phosphate, one nitrogen base, and one sugar

4. two phosphates, one nitrogen base, and two sugars

5. one phosphate, two nitrogen bases, and one sugar

one phosphate, one nitrogen base, and one sugar

During the extension stage if PCR ___ extends the 3’ end of primers along the template strands, synthesizing new DNA strands.

1. Nuclease

2. Topoisomerase

3. Primase

4. Ligase

5. DNA polymerase

DNA polymerase

During DNA replication, the enzyme helicase _____.

1. unzips the two strands of DNA

2. builds a new strand of DNA along each unzipped strand

3. synthesizes an RNA primer

4. zips two strands of DNA together

5. untangles/unwinds the DNA double helix to initiate DNA replication

unzips the two strands of DNA

DNA is stored in the ___ of bacterial cells.

1. nucleus

2. mitochondria

3. ribosome

4. cytoplasm

cytoplasm

Which of the following does not constitute proper aseptic technique.

1. Wearing gloves

2. Cleaning gloves with alcohol

3. Using sterile equipment during surgical procedures

4. Skipping handwashing between procedures and patients

Skipping handwashing between procedures and patients

Bacteriophage in your gut can transfer antibiotic resistant genes between your gut microbiota by a process known as ____.

1. transformation

2. conjugation

3. transduction

4. transposon transfer

5. phage virulence

transduction

The laboratory technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences is ____.

1. DNA extraction

2. gel electrophoresis

3. restriction dgestion

4. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)