3.7 ATP

What does ATP stand for?

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.

What 3 parts does a molecule of ATP consist of?

1. Adenine

2. Ribose

3. 3 phosphate groups 

What are some uses of ATP in the body?

1. Movement

2. Active transport

3. Synthesis of large molecules

4. Secretion of substances

How does ATP activate other molecules?

ATP can activate other molecules by phosphorylatingthem where a phosphate group is added to the molecule. 

How is ATP broken down?

ATP is broken down by the enzyme ATP hydrolase in a hydrolysis reaction. Water is added to ATP to break it down into ADP and P_i, releasing energy at the same time. 

What type of reaction resynthesises ATP?

A condensation reaction resynthesises ATP.

What is released during the condensation reaction to reform ATP?

A water molecule is released.

What enzyme catalyses the resynthesis of ATP?

ATP synthase catalyses the synthesis of ATP.

What can the inorganic phosphate (P_i) from ATP hydrolysis do?

Phosphorylate other compounds, making them more reactive.

What are the characteristics of ATP that allow it to be used as an immediate energy source?

1. Releases a small amount of energy 

2. Broken down in one step

3. Rapidly resynthesised

4. Inorganic phosphate can phosphorylate other compounds

5. Unstable bonds

6. Soluble

What is hydrolysis?

The addition of water to break a chemical bond.

What is condensation?

The removal of water to form a chemical bond.

What are the products of ATP hydrolysis?

The products are adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (P_i).

What enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP?

Hydrolysis of ATP is catalysed by ATP hydrolase.