Organic reactions

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11 Terms

1
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Cracking (elimination)

Alkanes

Catalysts: none

Condition: high temp. and pressures

Result: Alkane+Alkene +H2 gas

2
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Dehydration (elimination)

Alcohol

Catalyst: concentrated H2SO4/H3PO4

Conditions: heat

Result: Alkene

3
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Dehydrohalogenation (elimination)

Haloalkane

Catalysts: concentrated KOH/NaOH +ethanol

Conditions: heat, NO WATER

Result: Alkene +HX/ NaX+H2O

4
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Hydration (addition)

Alkene

Reactant: H2O

Catalyst: H2SO4/H3PO4

Conditions: reflux(steam)

Results: Alcohol

5
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Halogenation (addition)

Alkene

Reactant: X2

Catalyst: none

Conditions: none

Results: dihaloalkane

6
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Hydrogenation (addition)

Alkene

Reactant: H2

Catalyst: Pd/Pt/Ni dissolved in

Conditions: none

Results: Alkane

7
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Hydrohalogenation (addition)

Alkene

Reactant: HX

Catalyst: none

Conditions: NO WATER

Result: Haloalkane

8
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Halogenation (substitution)

Alkane

Reactant: X2

Catalyst: heat/UV light

Conditions: none

Result: Haloalkane + HX

9
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Hydrolysis (substitution)

Haloalkane

Reactant: NaOH (diluted base)

Conditions: reflux

Result: Alcohol+ NaX

10
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Combustion

Alkane/ene or Alcohol

Reactant: O2 (excess oxygen)

Conditions: heat

Result: CO2 + H2O

11
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Esterification

Alcohol + Carboxylic acid

Catalyst: H2SO4/H3PO4 (concentrated)

Conditions: heat

Result: ester (yl+oate) +H2O