English Rhetoric Test

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plsss plsss im gonna have an aneurysm I hate Aristotle!

40 Terms

1

Rhetoric

the faculty of finding all the available means of persuasion in a particular case

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2

Who is Aristotle?

the father of rhetoric

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3

Exigence

problem, incident, or situation causing the writer to write the piece

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4

How is the rhetorical triangle labeled?

knowt flashcard image
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5

What are the four purposes in writing?

Persuasive, Informative, Expressive, Literary

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6

What should you consider in a rhetorical situation?

Your audience

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7

What kinds of responses might your audience have?

Immediate response, or intermediate response

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8

What do speakers use to find their attitude toward a subject?

Thoughts and personal experiences

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9

Subject/message

The writer/speaker evaluates what they already and needs to know, investigates perspectives, and determines kinds of evidence or proofs that seem most useful

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10

Audience

Speculating about the reader’s expectations, knowledge, and disposition with regard to the subject writers explore

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11

Speaker

Writers use who they are, what they know and feel, and what they’ve seen and done to find their attitudes toward a subject and their understanding of a reader

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12

Voice or persona

The character the speaker creates as they write

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13

Logos

An appeal to reason or logic; a statistic or fact

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14

Logos strategies

Analogy, cause/effect, comparison, cites statistics facts hard evidence, cites authority, established precedent

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15

Ethos

An appeal to ethics or ones character; a credible expert on the topic

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16

Pathos

An appeal to emotions; a happy, funny, or sad approach

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17

Pathos strategies

Sensory description, adjectives and adverbs that label something as good or bad, objects of emotion

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18

Context

The situation in which writing and reading occurs

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19

Purpose

The reason for writing or speaking (to inform, persuade, entertain)

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20

Circular reasoning

When a speaker begins their debate with the point they’re trying to prove (I like chocolate because its my fav and chocolate is my fav cuz I like it)

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21

Cherry picking

when a speaker only chooses the evidence that backs up their argument, while ignoring the other side (participants in workout program get really positive results cause only ppl with positive results responded)

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22

Ad Hominem

Against the man!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! A claim is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author of the argument (Sophie: we should review these data sets to make sure we did them right. Mckenna: ofc you suggest that since you’re a bit slow when it comes to math)

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23

Straw man

When a person simply ignores a person’s actual position and uses a distorted exaggerated version (Ava: I think we should hire something to redesign our website. Briana: you’re saying we should throw our money away instead of building up our company products?)

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24

Appeal to Common Practice

Most people doing something is used as evidence to support something (Sophia: the majority of people believe advertisers should spend more money on billboards, so billboards are objectively the best form of advertisement)

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25

begging the question

X is true. the evidence for this claim is that x is true.(god must exist because the Bible says so because the Bible was written by god)

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26

slippery slope

A person asserts that some event will inevitably follow from another (mckenna: we have to stop the tuition increase! before you know it they’ll be charging $40k a semester!)

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27

false dilemma

reducing a complex issue down to one of two choices-either/or argument. (Briana: either 1+1=4 or 1+1=12. 1+1+4 is not true so 1+1=12.)

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28

Red herring

an irrelevent topic is presented in order to divert attention from og issue (reporter: reports of a massive leak! executive: well we invested billions in clean energy)

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29

Post Hoc Ergo propter hoc

when it is concluded that one event causes another simply because the proposed cause occurred before the proposed effect (Carly is scratched by a cat while visiting her friend and was diagnosed with autism two days later, the scratch must have caused it)

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30

hasty generalization

when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a population that isn’t large enough (Ariana grande is a stuck up arrogant celebrity! they all must be that way…)

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31

appeal to authority

when the person in question is not a legitimate authority on the subject (cigarettes filter smoke! as your dentist I recommend these)

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32

Diction

A speaker’s choice of words

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33

Sophisticated

Highly educated or refined

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34

formal

strangers, notables, pros

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35

informal,

friends and colleagues

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36

colloquial

family and close friends

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37

slang

close friends

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38

nominalization

the process that changes a verb into its noun form

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39

showy vocab

be concise and don’t try to show off the words you know

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40

Syntax

the arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences, this includes word order, length and sentence structures, schemes

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