soc 100 8, 9, 10

racialization

classifying people by visible characteristics like skin colour, hairtype, and facial features

ethnicity

membership in a group sharing a national tradition, language, or cultural heritage

4 characteristics of ethnic groups

shares homeland/ancestry, history, identity, and belonging

institutional racisim

racism embedded in social and political institutions

diaspora

scattering of a group of people, maintaining ties to their homeland

dispersion (seperation by national borders), homeland orientation (oriented toward a distance homeland), boundary maintenance (communities are cohesive and exclude outsiders)

white privilege

systemic advantages given to white people based on racial identity

social distance

the perceived separation between social groups

critical race theory (CRT)

views racialization as a social performance and construction

microaggression

everyday, subtle, often unintentional discrimination

mcdonaldization

work process emphasizing efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control

proletarianization

turning professional work into routine, unskilled labour

post-industrialism

an economy based on services and knowledge, not factory production

gig economy

an economy of precarious, part-time, freelance jobs

false consciousness (Marx)

workers adopting ideas that work against their own interests

neoliberalism

an ideology promoting free markets, privatization, and minimal state influence

embourgeoisement

working-class people adopting middle class values

post-colonialism

a theory examining power relationships between colonizing and colonized societies, focusing on the lasting effects of colonialism

Franz Fanon

a theorist who argues race is historically constructed, not biological, and explored the psychological effects of colonization

Orientalism (Said)

assigning exotic inferior traits to Eastern cultures, reinforcing stereotypes and colonial control

scientific racism

using pseudoscience to claim racial superiority, like linking race to intelligence or moral worth

Eugenics

Movement advocating selective breeding for “desirable” traits; historically led to forced sterilizations, including indigenous women

ethnic enclave

area with a high concentration of residents with a particular ethnicity

racialized/ethnic socialization

process by which we learn to evaluate people according to presumed racialized/ethnic differences

ethnic solidarity

members of self-conscious communities interact with one another to achieve common purposes

third-culture kids (TCK)

children who have been socialized into a culture different than the one their parents were socialized into

code-switch

a situation in which a speaker effortlessly switches to a different language, dialect, class, and often culture

tolerance

idea that people from different ethnic and racialized backgrounds can come

homophily

relationship joining actors who have the same or similar attributes or statuses

prejudice

negative or hostile attitude towards members of another group

racial profiling

racializing people and using their appearance and assumed background to predict their engagement in criminal activities