why is this so difficult ;-;
Phospholipids
The major component of the cell membrane is?
Concentration gradient
A difference in concentrations of a substance is also called?
Diffusion
The process of small molecules being dissolved in the cytoplasm/ECF may be able to move into or out of cells without expending energy
high to low
In diffusion, do substances move from high to low, or low to high?
yes
Do substances move independently along its own concentration gradient?
no
Can polar molecules be in the middle of a cell membrane?
Ficks law
What law governs the rate of diffusion
surface area
what property/factor is missing from this equation:
__________ _______ x Difference in Concentration / Thickness of membrane
Osmosis
Refers to the movement of water
yes
does water move along its own concentration gradient?
passive
Is osmosis active or passive transport?
amino acids
The ________ _______ lining the inside of the aquaporin push/pull the H2O molecules through
Isotonic
What kind of tonic:
equal amounts of solute and water
no
In an isotonic solution, is there any net movement?
Hypotonic
What kind of tonic:
More solute inside the cell than outside
In
In a hypotonic solution, do water molecules go in or out of the cell?
Hypertonic
What kind of tonic:
More solute outside the cell
Out
In a hypertonic solution, do water molecules go in or out of the cell?
Ionophores
Type of passive protein channel:
Meant for ions
Gated channels
Type of passive protein channel:
Stimulus opens/closes
Aquaporins
Type of passive protein channel:
Meant for water
Facilitated diffusion
Diffusion involving carriers or pores
Focuses on the diffusion of larger particles
temperature
_________ will affect the fluidity of a cell membrane causing it to change from fluid states to solids state
Decreases
At warm temperatures, cholesterol restrains the movement of phospholipids and increases/decreases fluidity?
cool
At warm/cool temperatures, cholesterol maintains fluidity by preventing tight packing
proteins
What macromolecule determines most of the membranes specific functions?
s
Quick note: (press s to skip)
Proteins in the membrane provide help with cell functions including:
Transport
Enzymatic activity
Signal transduction
Intercellular joining
Cell-cell recognition
Attachment to the cytoskeleton and ECM
Yes
can the 2 layers of membranes have a different lipid composition
Carbohydrates
What macromolecule is responsible for cell recognition?
Oligosaccharides
What kind of saccharide is found outside the cell membrane and used as cell recognition.