Introduction to the Human Body

These flashcards cover key vocabulary, definitions, and concepts related to the introduction to anatomy and physiology.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of body parts.

Physiology

The study of how body parts function.

Homeostasis

A condition of equilibrium or balance in the body’s internal environment.

Embryology

The study of the first eight weeks of growth and development after fertilization.

Histology

The microscopic structure of tissues.

Gross Anatomy

Structures that can be examined without a microscope.

Systemic Anatomy

The study of specific systems of the body.

Regional Anatomy

The study of specific regions of the body.

Imaging Anatomy

Visualization of internal structures through technologies such as x-rays and MRI.

Clinical Anatomy

Application of anatomy to medical practice.

Pathological Anatomy

Structural changes associated with disease.

Molecular Physiology

Study of functions at the molecular level.

Neurophysiology

Functions of nerve cells.

Endocrinology

The study of hormones and their effects on body functions.

Cardiovascular Physiology

Functions of the heart and blood vessels.

Muscular System

Specifically, skeletal muscle tissue responsible for movement.

Nervous System

System that regulates body activities through nerve impulses.

Endocrine System

Glands that release hormones into the bloodstream.

Cardiovascular System

System that includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels.

Lymphatic System

Helps to maintain fluid balance and defend against disease.

Respiratory System

Includes organs involved in breathing and gas exchange.

Digestive System

Organs involved in the breakdown and absorption of food.

Urinary System

Organs that produce and eliminate urine.

Reproductive System

Organs involved in the production of offspring.

Extracellular Fluid

Fluid that surrounds and supports body cells.

Feedback Loop

Components involved in maintaining homeostasis: stimulus, receptor, control center, effector.

Positive Feedback

Enhances responses or processes in the body.

Negative Feedback

Reduces responses or processes in the body to maintain stability.