APUSH Unit 5 Test

James K. Polk

__Democrats__ choose him for __election of 1844, “Young Hickory”__

* __(Dark Horse)__
* __Polk wins__

Goals:

* __Lower tariff__ (he’s a Dem!)
* __Get California__ (harbors for trade)
* Independent treasury (__no bank__!)
* __Settle Oregon issue__ (expansion makes anti-slavery backers uncomfortable)

Manifest Destiny

__Americans believed__ themselves to have a __God-given right to possess a nation__ from the __Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean__

* Fueled the continued American __expansion westward__
* Biggest __issue__ during __Election of 1844__

“54’50 or fight”

US and __England__ __disagree on Oregon boundary__

* War?

Treaty of Guad-Hidalgo

US gets __Mexican__ Cession and __land to Oregon__

* 1848


* __US pays $15 million__
* __Rio Grande border__

Wilmot Proviso

__No slavery in any territory gained from Mexico__

* __Never passes__ :(

Free Soil Party

* __No slavery__ in the territories
* __Support Wilmot Proviso__
* __Not necessarily abolitionists__
* __Internal improvement__
* __Free homesteads__

Walt Whitman

Collection of poems

* __Leaves of Grass__

James Fennimore Cooper

__Conflict between nature and process__

Ralph Waldo Emerson

* __Self-reliance__
* __Nonconformity__

Popular Sovereignty

The people of a territory may __decide for themselves if they want slavery (voting)__

* __Stephen Douglas__

Compromise of 1850

__Response to the Mexican War__

* An attempt to keep a lid on the slavery issue
* __California__ wants to enter the Union as a __free state__

\
__North__ benefits:

* __California__ admitted as a __free state__
* __Disputed territory__ between NM and TX goes to __NM__
* __No more slave trade in DC__

\
__South__ Benefits:

* __NM and UT__ would have no restrictions on slavery (use __popular sovereignty__)
* __US pays off the debt__
* __**Stronger fugitive slave law**__ \*\*(\*\*By far the most controversial part of the compromise)

Fugitive Slave Law

By far the __most controversial part of the compromise of 1850__

* __Penalties for helping escaped slaves__
* __No trial by jury for slaves, slaves could not testify for themselves, and judges get more $$ if they send a slave back south__

William Seward

Only one believed in __“higher law”__ (bible)

Franklin Pierce

* Elected __pres__. in __1852__
* __Democrat__ (seems southern but __is northern__)
* __End of the Whigs__ as a party
* Pierce __sends naval fleet around the world__

Ostend Manifesto

__Secret plot to take Cuba__

* __**Gadsden Purchase**__
* __$10 million to Mexico__
* __Railroad from the South to CA__
* (slavery and expansion)

Stephen Douglas

* __“Little Giant”__
* Gets the __Compromise of 1850 through congress__
* Wanted the __railroad to for through Nebraska__
* __Kan-Neb Act makes him lose support in the North__ (will cost him a chance at the presidency)

Kansas-Nebraska Act

__Popular sovereignty would be used to decide Kan-Neb__

* Would __overturn Missouri Compromise__
* Passes but __North is angry__

Impact:

* __Douglas loses support in the North__ (will cost him a chance at the presidency)
* __ESL dead in the North__
* __Democrat party split__ (after 1856 will not have a pres. for 28 years)
* __**Republican Party (GOP) is born**__

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

__Harriet Beecher Stowe__ (the Beechers were a famous abolitionist family)

* Written in __**response to the Fugitive Slave Law (more opposition to slave law)**__

__Awakened the North to the evils of slavery__

* __Splitting of families__
* Translated, made into a play, a __hit in England__


* The __South retaliates to UTC__


* Numerous “Anti-Tom” books written to support slavery

Lincoln: “So you’re the little woman who wrote the book…

Election of 1856

* Dems- __**James Buchanan**__
* GOP (Republicans)- John C. Fremont
* Know-Nothings- Fillmore

Republican Party

(GOP)

* __No extension of slavery in the territories__ (like FS party)
* __Repeal Kan-Neb Act__
* __Repeal FSL__

John Brown

* An __abolitionist__
* __Hacks up several pro-slavery supporters__
* __Bloodshed__

Bleeding Kansas

Sovereignty, __supporters from both sides__ (pro-slavery and anti-slavery) __pour into Kansas to vote__

* __Kansas will pass the Lecompton Constitution__
* __Pro-slavery__

James Buchanan

* __Does not feel the South has a right to secede__
* Also, __no right to force them to stay__ (constitution)
* __Won Election of 1856__
* A __weak leader that had limited ability to preserve the Union__
* Often __blamed for his inaction as Southern states began to secede from the Union, limited in his actions by his strict constitutionalist views__
* A __supporter of slavery and strongly opposed the abolitionist movement__ embodied by the Republican Party

Dred Scott

A __slave who was brought to northern states; sues for his freedom__

* Supreme Court ruling given by Chief Justice Roger Taney
* __A slave is not a citizen and cannot sue__
* __Slaves were property so they could be taken anywhere__ (5th amend. -property rights)
* __Missouri Compromise unconstitutional__
* __Congress has no power to ban slavery in the territories__ (south cheers, popular sovereignty people hate it, ruling allows slavery in the territories)

Election of 1860

As important as any US election; __Democrats are still split__

* __Northern__ Dems:
* __Stephen Douglas (IL)__
* __Popular sovereignty__
* __Leave FSL alone__
* __Southern__ Dems:
* __John C. Breckinridge (KY)__
* __Extension of slavery__
* __Annex Cuba__
* __Constitutional Union Party__
* __John Bell (TN)__
* __Keep the Union together__
* __Republicans__ (GOP)
* __Abraham Lincoln (IL)__
* __No extension of slavery__
* __Railroad in the west__

Abraham Lincoln

* Lincoln is __not on the ballot in the South (Election of 1860)__
* __South threaten to secede if Lincoln is elected__
* __Lincoln wins but is a minority president__
* FL, AL, SC, TX, MS, LA, and GA secede

Compromise of 1877

Democrats __allowed Hayes to be president__ __in return for the removal of all federal troops from the south__

Turner Thesis

__**Frontier**__

Liberty Party

__Anti-slavery__

Know-Nothing Party

__Former Whigs__ that __developed in response to the rising Immigration__ from Ireland and Germany

* Nativist
* Especially __anti-Catholic__