FUCK 4

What is Aquinas’ First Way?

In the natural world, objects move. Therefore, God is the first mover.

What is Aquinas’ Second Way?

In the natural world, events have causes. Therefore, God must exist as the first cause.

What is Aquinas’ Third Way?

In the natural world, contingent beings exist. Therefore, we need God as a necessary being.

What is Aquinas’ Fourth Way?

In the natural world, objects possess characteristics to greater or lesser degrees. Therefore, God exists to the greatest degree.

What is the birthday fallacy?

Inferring a singular origin from the fact that all members possess the same characteristic.

What is the actual world?

The totality of things that have existed, now exist, or will exist at any place in the universe.

What are possible worlds?

Objects or beings that don’t actually exist but might have done so.

What is a contingent being?

A being that could have failed to exist; it exists in some but not all possible worlds.

What is a necessary being?

A being that exists in all possible worlds.

What are the major objections to Aquinas’ arguments?

The birthday fallacy, contradictory properties, and invalid argument.