alkanols, ethers and amines

what are alkanols

alcohols made from alkanes

describe the naming system of alcohols

(what conformation the double bond is) - what alkyl group and what positon its at-how many carbons there ar in the chain - ol

why are alcohols polar molecues

the electronegitive hydroxyl group pulls C-OH away

what happens to them when mixed with water

hydrohen bonds form between the OH and H2O

what happens at they increace in size

water solubility decreaces and boilimg point increaces

what are the 3 structures that alcohols can have and what is this dependant on

primary, secondary and tertiary dependant on where the oh group is bonded

whatis the primery alcohol layout

oh group bonded at the end

what is the secondary alcohol layout

the oh is bonded in the middle

what is the teritary alcohol layout

oh is bonded in the midlle to a carbon that bonded to another r gorup

describe the substitution reaction of alcohols

they react with compounds containing halide ions - the hydroxyl group is replaces with the haylide froming haloalkane - also requires the addition od an acid

describe the dehydration reaction of alcohols

the removal of water with acid catylist forming alkene - forming a new double or triple pi bond

what are the 2 possible products form an elimination reaction what does this repend on

which side of the hydroxyl the hydrogen is eliminated from

what is saytzeffs rule

the dehydration of an alcohol results in a higher substituted alkane

what are primary alcohols oxidised to

aldyhydes then carboxylic acids

what are secondary alcohols oxidised to

ketones only

what are tertiary alcohols oxidised to

they wont be oxidised

what is the naming culture for ethers

select the longest chain as alkane the shortest one then becones alk-oxy group subsident

compare the polarity of ethers

more polar than alkanes but significently less then alcohols

what are ether commonly used as, why

solvents due to little chemical activity

what are amines

organic derrivitives of ammonia

whats the name culture for amines

similar to alcohols

what does the bonding of amine groups and hydrogen result in

the formation of ammonium salts

describe amines as bases

thers a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen that able to accept protons

what is the amine chemistry demoninated by

the versitility of the nitrogen lone pair