AP Human Geography Rubenstein 13th Edition: Chapter 7 Ethnicities

Apartheid

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

Balkanization

A process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.

Blockbusting

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood.

Centripetal force

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.

Ethnic cleansing

A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas.

Ethnic enclave

A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area.

Ethnicity

Identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.

Genocide

The mass killing of a group of people in attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence.

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

Nationality

Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place.

Race

Identity with a group of people who are perceived to share a physiological trait, such as skin color.

Cetrifugal force

a force that divides people and countries

Redlining

a practice in which banks refuse to make loans to people living in certain geographic locations

White Flight

working and middle-class white people move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs

Sharecropper

A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops.

Ethnoburb

A suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic population.

Triangular slave trade

A practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa.

Black Lives Matter

A movement that campaigns against violence and perceived racism toward black people and educates others about the challenges that African Americans continue to face in the United States

Ethnophobia

Fear of people of a particular ethnicity

Xenophobia

a fear or hatred of people from other countries

Holocaust

the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler