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Polarity
Polar covalent bonds created by unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen within the molecule of water
Cohesion
Attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind (H2O to H2O)
Cohesion
Hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules hold them together and increased cohesive forces
Allows for the transport of water and nutrients against gravity in plants
Surface tension
Surface 2O molecules experience greater inward pull because there are no molecules above them to balance the forces
Adhesion
The attraction to other molecules that are polar or have charge (H2O to other molecules)
Due to polarity of H2O
Adhesion
In plants, this allows water to cling to the cell walls to resist the downward pull of gravity
Capillary action
The upward movement of water due to the forces of cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension
Capillary action
Occurs when adhesion is greater than cohesion
Important for the transport of water and nutrients in plants
High specific heat
H2O resists change in temperature through hydrogen bonds
Heat must be absorbed to break hydrogen bonds, but is released when hydrogen bonds form
Absorb, release
Large bodies of water can ____ heat in the daytime and ________ heat at night
High specific heat
Stabilizes ocean temperature, benefits marine life, organisms can resist changes in their own internal temperature
High heat of vaporization
Water requires a large amount of energy to evaporate due to strong hydrogen bonds
Evaporative cooling
As water molecules evaporate, the surface they evaporate from gets cooler
Evaporative cooling
Moderates Earth’s climate
Stabilizes temperature in lakes and ponds
Prevents terrestrial organisms from overheating (think sweating in humans)
Prevents leaves from becoming too warm in the sun
The above are all examples of the importance of ___________ _________
Density
Was water solidifies it expands and becomes less dense due to hydrogen bonds
Slowly, break
When cooled, H2O molecules move too ______ to _______ the bonds which allows marine life to survive under floating ice sheets
Crystalline
Hydrogen bonds cause water molecules to form a ________ structure
Solvent
Dissolving agent in a solution
Solvent
Water is a versatile _________ because its polar molecules are attracted to ions and other polar molecules it can form hydrogen bonds with
Solution
Homogenous mix of 2+ substances
Solvent
Dissolving agent in a solution
Solute
Substance that is dissolved
Water
________ Can interact with sugars or proteins containing many oxygen and hydrogen
Water
Will form hydrogen bonds with the sugar or protein to dissolve it
Ionic compounds
The partially negative oxygen in water will interact with a positive atom
Ionic compounds
The partially positive hydrogen in water will interact with a negative atom
Ionic compounds
Dissolve ions
Acidic, basic
pH is a measure of how _______ or ________ (alkaline) a solution is
Acid
Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
Base
A substance that accepts H+ or releases hydroxide ions (OH-)
Dissociate
Water can _____________ into hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)
Buffer
A solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added
Buffer
Helps maintain pH stability in biological systems
Note 
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