Scalars & Vectors Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to scalars and vectors, including definitions and their applications in physics.

Scalar

A quantity that has magnitude but no direction.

Vector

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Distance

A measure of how far an object has traveled, regardless of direction.

Displacement

The measure of how far it is between two points in space, including the direction.

Speed

A measure of the distance traveled by an object per unit time, regardless of direction.

Velocity

A measure of the displacement of an object per unit time, including the direction.

Resultant vector

The vector obtained when two or more vectors are combined.

Pythagoras’ theorem

A theorem that relates the lengths of the sides of a right-angled triangle.

Trigonometry

A branch of mathematics dealing with the relationships between angles and sides of triangles.

Normal contact force

The force arising when an object rests against another object acting at a 90° angle to the plane of contact.

Tension

The force experienced by a cable, rope, or string when pulled, hung, or supported.

Upthrust

The upward buoyancy force acting on an object when it is in a fluid.

Friction

The force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.

Terminal velocity

The constant speed that a freely falling object eventually reaches when the resistance of the medium prevents further acceleration.

Moment

The turning effect of a force.

Couple

A pair of equal and opposite forces that produce rotation.

Torque

The turning effect produced by a couple, calculated as force multiplied by the perpendicular distance between the forces.