Blood formation and doping

Hematopoiesis

Blood cell formation

Form in red bone marrow

1oz blood with 100 billion cells per day

Heocytoblast

Type of stem cell in red bone marrow from which formed elements arise

Erythropoietin

Hormone that controls rate of erythrocyte production

Released by kidney & liver when blood [O2] decreases

Lifetime of rbc

100-120 dyas

Dead rbcs

Eliminated by phagocytes in spleen & liver

Iron becomes bound to protein as ferritin

Heme group degraded to bilirubin eventually gets excreted in feces

Globin broken down to amino acids

Blood doping

Illicit method of improving athletic performance by artificially boosting the blood’s ability to bring more oxygen to muscles

Blood doping increases amount of hemoglobin and increase amount of O2 to muscles

Types of blood doping

Blood transfusions

Injection of Erythropoietin

Injections of synthetic oxygen carriers

Types of blood transfusions

Autologous transfusion

Homologous transfusion

Autologous transfusion

Transfusion of an athlete’s own blood which is drawn then stored for future use

Homologous transfusion

Use the blood of someone else with same blood type

Injection of Erythropoietin

Peptide hormone EPO produced by kidney to stimulate higher than normal production of rbc’s in bone marrow

Injections of synthetic oxygen carriers

Purified proteins or chemicals that increases O2 in blood to help fuel muscles

HBOC’s and PFC’s

HBOC’s

Hemoglobin-based O2 carriers

PFC’s

Perfluorocarbons

Able to dissolve O2